Introduction: Mastectomy has many consequences long after the treatment has been completed, which significantly affect the quality of life of the individual. Purpose: The purpose of the diploma work is to investigate the psychological aspect of mastectomy on women, as well as the challenges and consequences that women face after the procedure, with the help of a literature review. Methods: We employed a descriptive research approach, conducting a review of professional and scientific literature spanning from 2014 to 2023. Data were gathered using the CINAHL database and bibliographic data search engines (COBISS, DiKUL, dLib.si, PubMed, and Google Scholar). We utilized key terms in Slovenian: rak dojke (breast cancer), samopodoba IN rak dojk (body image AND breast cancer), zdravljenje IN rak dojk (treatment AND breast cancer), zdravstvena nega IN rak dojk (nursing AND breast cancer), and in English: breast cancer, mastectomy, body image AND breast cancer, identity AND breast cancer, nursing AND breast cancer. Results: We have analyzed a total of 25 articles. Mastectomy is a surgical procedure that, even after completion of treatment, brings extensive physical and emotional consequences affecting the patient's quality of life. The psychosocial impact of mastectomy encompasses a range of emotional, social, and psychological challenges that patients must face after treatment. The procedure triggers a complex emotional response, which can be described as a grieving process. Many patients who have undergone mastectomy experience emotional distress, a sense of disconnect from their bodies, feelings of inadequacy, diminished sense of femininity, and attractiveness. The absence of basic emotional needs during treatment, such as a sense of security and control over one's life, can lead to stress, anxiety, and depression. Breasts not only play a significant physiological role at certain stages of life but also represent a cultural symbol of femininity, sensuality, and sexuality, and are integral to a woman's self-worth. Breast reconstruction allows for the alleviation of the consequences of mastectomy. Discussion and conclusion: Comprehensive care for patients after mastectomy involves addressing physical, emotional, sexual, psychological, and social aspects to enhance their quality of life. In this process, healthcare professionals must provide necessary information, psychosocial support, and ongoing care. An individualized approach is crucial for optimal care during the recovery period.
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