Introduction: Anatomy is considered one of the oldest medical sciences. The first anatomical records date back in 3000-2000 BC with first written records on papyrus. Anatomical research based on dissection of cadavers involves the process of dismemberment, segregation and studying of the human body parts. Study of anatomy went through several changes over the centuries, and there are many other methods of both studying and teaching anatomy nowadays. Nevertheless, the cadaveric dissection remains a fundamental process in medical education and practice. Purpose: The purpose of the thesis was to present the meaning of cadavers’ dismemberment and the history of dismemberment for medical purposes. Methods: We have used descriptive methods of work; we searched the scientific literature including scientific journals and books in Slovenian and English language. We have looked for literature in the following databases: ScienceDirect, Cinahl, Medline, PubMed and most recent Google scholar search results. Results: It was established that the dissection of cadavers alludes to the taking apart and observation of the cadavers. Cadaveric dissection is considered an important method for the development and teaching of anatomy and also establishing the cause of death through the post mortem examination. Perception of cadaveric dissection was changing through the history, being tied to current knowledge and beliefs of the time period in question. Beginnings of cadaveric dissection date far back in history, in time of the mummification process. Cadaveric dissection was also carried out in ancient times, but then declined during the Middle Ages, when it was even temporarily prohibited due to the influence of Christianity. It expanded further upon its reinstatement during the Renaissance period, continuing in the Enlightenment period. Theatres for anatomical research were established due to the high public interest. Today, dissection of cadavers is accompanied by technological developments enabling virtual visualization or so called “virtual dissection”; which however does not allow for the same realistic experience compared to traditional methods. Previously, there were considerations around ethical dilemmas related to acquiring of cadavers, so today dissection is regulated by law and ethics are mandatory in the treatment of cadavers. Discussion and conclusion: Anatomy is the result of developed knowledge which is based on many years of previous findings, being dependent on understanding the structure and functioning of human body. That is why it has peaked and dipped in popularity. Anatomical knowledge helps numerous professional anatomical and medical workers who worked and researched throughout history, and who drew their conclusions through dissecting cadavers. That is why it is crucial to treat the cadavers with best ethics and respect.
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