Colostrum, the first secretion of the cow's mammary gland after calving, is a rich source of nutrients, biologically active elements, and bacteriostatic substances that are crucial for growth, development, and health of calf. The most studied component of colostrum is immunoglobulins, and since IgG is the predominant antibody in colostrum, IgG concentration is most commonly used to determine colostrum quality. Colostrum quality is affected by many factors that can be influenced. These include: genetic and biological characteristics of the cows, the influence of nutrition, calving, environment, and breeder; the amount of colostrum and timing of the first milking after calving, the timing and proper feeding after calving; and animal care. Healthy, well growing and developing calves are obtained by supplying adequate amounts of properly heated and high-quality colostrum as soon as possible after birth while the small intestine is still permeable to antibodies. To ensure maximum protection and meet all new born calf needs, we must handle colostrum carefully, measure colostrum quality regularly after each milking, and properly process or store colostrum for calf feeding. Proper calf care is an investment in the long-term success of the farm and in raising long-lived and healthy dairy cows.
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