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Pregled regulacijskih strategij za pretvorniško priključene vire energije
ID Dolinar, Tomaž (Avtor), ID Rudež, Urban (Mentor) Več o mentorju... Povezava se odpre v novem oknu

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Izvleček
S tako imenovanim zelenim prehodom, so članice EU sprejele načrt razogljičenja. Posledično se elektroenergetski sistem izredno hitro spreminja. Drage konvencionalne elektrarne z velikimi turbinami se zapirajo in opuščajo, zamenjujejo pa jih cenejši in alternativni viri, kot so sončne in vetrne elektrarne. S tem elektroenergetski sistem izgublja vztrajnostni moment v rotirajočih masah generatorjev in posledično stabilnost omrežja. Razsmerniki električnega toka so ključni del našega električnega sistema. Danes že igrajo pomembno vlogo pri vključevanju obnovljivih virov v omrežje, v prihodnosti pa bo njihova vloga še večja. Vendar to prinaša tudi težave oz. izzive. Tradicionalni razsmerniki so bili zasnovani zgolj za sledenje napetosti in frekvenci omrežja (Grid-following). Vse dokler je bilo število teh razsmernikov razmeroma majhno, je ta tehnologija povsem zadostovala. S hitrim naraščanjem števila obnovljivih virov energije v zadnjih letih pa je bilo treba usmeriti raziskave v smer preučevanja tehnologij, kjer razsmerniki ne sledijo samo omrežju, ampak sami vzpostavijo in ohranjajo stabilno napetost in frekvenco v omrežju (Grid-forming). To pomeni, da so razsmerniki sposobni delovati samostojno, tudi brez zunanjega vira napetosti in frekvence. Zaradi te lastnosti Grid-forming tehnologije se odpira veliko možnosti. Omogoča večjo prilagodljivost in integracijo obnovljivih virov energije v električno omrežje in, tako pomaga pri reševanju izzivov, povezanih z baterijskimi sistemi in mikro-omrežji. V tej diplomski nalogi bo najprej predstavljen koncept stabilnosti omrežja in regulacija frekvence, sledijo predstaviteve razsmernikov in njihovih regulacijskih shem, ki omogočajo delovanje. Opisani bodo razsmerniki, ki sledijo omrežju, ter njihovo osnovno delovanje in komponente. Prav tako bodo predstavljeni razsmerniki, ki vzpostavljajo omrežje in tehnologija, ki jih podpira. Opisana bosta tudi dva primera sinhronizacije razsmernikov. Za zaključek bo v simulacijskem okolju Simulink realiziran razsmernik, ki sledi omrežju s pomočjo ojačevalnika napetosti, sledenja točki maksimalne moči in filtra, ki so povezani z omrežjem. Prikazani bodo poteki napetosti, toka, moči in frekvence na različnih točkah simulacije. To delo lahko služi kot osnovno razumevanje pojmov o stabilnosti omrežja, delovanju razsmernikov, novih tehnologijah in njihovih izzivih.

Jezik:Slovenski jezik
Ključne besede:razsmernik, inverter, regulacija frekvence, stabilnost omrežja, sledenje omrežju, podpiranje omrežja, nadzor statike, fazno zaklenjena zanka (PLL), navidezna vztrajnost
Vrsta gradiva:Diplomsko delo/naloga
Organizacija:FE - Fakulteta za elektrotehniko
Leto izida:2023
PID:20.500.12556/RUL-149209 Povezava se odpre v novem oknu
COBISS.SI-ID:163361283 Povezava se odpre v novem oknu
Datum objave v RUL:05.09.2023
Število ogledov:439
Število prenosov:88
Metapodatki:XML DC-XML DC-RDF
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Sekundarni jezik

Jezik:Angleški jezik
Naslov:Overview of control strategies for converter-based energy sources
Izvleček:
With the so-called green transition, EU member states have adopted a decarbonization plan. As a result, the power system is undergoing rapid changes. Expensive conventional power plants with large turbines are being shut down and decommissioned, while they are being replaced by cheaper and alternative sources such as solar and wind power plants. Consequently, the power system is losing rotational inertia in the rotating masses of generators, leading to grid instability. Power converters are a crucial part of our electrical system. Nowadays, they already play an important role in integrating solar power plants into the grid, and their role will be even more significant in the future. However, this also brings some challenges. Traditional power converters were designed solely to track the voltage and frequency from the grid (grid-following). As long as the number of these converters was relatively small, this technology was entirely sufficient. However, with the rapid increase in the number of renewable energy sources in recent years, it is necessary to direct research towards the study of technologies where power converters do not merely follow the grid but establish and maintain stable voltage and frequency within the grid (grid-forming). This means that power converters are capable of operating independently, even without an external voltage and frequency source. The Grid-forming technology's ability opens up numerous possibilities, enabling greater flexibility and integration of renewable energy sources into the electrical grid. It also assists in addressing challenges associated with battery systems and microgrids. This thesis will begin by introducing the concept of grid stability and frequency regulation. It will then present power converters and their control schemes that enable their operation. Grid-following power converters and their basic operation and components will be described, followed by an explanation of grid-forming power converters and the technology supporting the grid. Two different cases of power converter synchronization will also be presented. In conclusion, a Grid-following power converter with a voltage amplifier, maximum power point tracking and a filter interconnected with the grid, will be implemented in the Simulink simulation environment. Voltage, current, power, and frequency profiles at various points in simulation will be displayed. This work can serve as an introductory understanding of concepts related to grid stability, power converter operation, new technologies, and their challenges.

Ključne besede:incerter, frequency regulation, grid stability, Grid-forming, grid-following, droop control, phase-locked loop (PLL), artificial inertia

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