Production and transmission units are crucial factors in the electric power system, responsible for ensuring high-quality and reliable electrical energy to all consumers. In the initial phase, we focused on researching the production and transmission capacities within Serbia's electric power system. In this section, we gained insights into the transmission connections between Serbia and neighboring countries, analyzed transmission capacities and costs, and addressed differences across various markets. Significant attention was given to system services, which are indispensable for the optimal supply of end consumers with electrical energy. We described various types of production units and identified key electricity producers in Serbia. Simultaneously, we delved into their capacities and outlined the developmental plans for transmission and production units within Serbia's electric power system. Based on acquired data, we identified areas where Serbia most profoundly shapes its development within the field of electric power. The second part of our research was centered on the fluctuations in electricity prices and the influencing factors. Through analysis and concrete examples, we elucidated how numerous factors shape the cost of electrical energy. We found that the price of electrical energy is the result of a complex set of factors ranging from natural influences, human factors, market dynamics, political decisions, energy sources, to technical limitations of networks and production units. A pivotal component is the equilibrium between production and consumption of electrical energy, as imbalances can lead to significant fluctuations in electricity prices.
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