Življenjski slog in telesna dejavnost osnovnošolcev pred in med časom pandemije COVID-19 : magistrsko delo

Mohar, Špela (avtor), Majerič, Matej (mentor)

Namen magistrskega dela je bil raziskati spremembe v življenjskem slogu in telesni dejavnosti ter telesnih značilnostih in gibalnih sposobnostih učencev OŠ Otočec v šolskem letu 2018/19 (pred pandemijo COVID-19) in 2020/21 (med pandemijo COVID-19). V vzorec je bilo vključenih 93 učencev, starih od 9 do 15 let. Podatki o življenjskem slogu so bili zbrani od 7. 6. 2022 do 24. 6. 2022 s pomočjo HBSC vprašalnika (2020). Podatki o telesnih značilnosti in gibalnih sposobnosti so bili zbrani z meritvami ŠVK. Statistično obdelavo podatkov smo izvedli s programom SPSS 25. Končne rezultate smo tabelarično uredili v programu Microsoft Excel. Opisne spremenljivke smo prikazali s frekvenčno porazdelitvijo, ordinalne pa s povprečji in standardnimi odkloni. Normalnost porazdelitve smo preverili s Shapiro-Wilkovim testom. Razlike v življenjskem slogu pred pandemijo in med njo smo izračunali z Wilcoxonovim rang testom, razlike v meritvah ŠVK pa s t-testom za odvisne vzorce. Statistično značilne razlike smo sprejeli pri 5 % stopnji tveganja. Ugotovili smo, da so preiskovanci med pandemijo statistično značilno pogosteje imeli pet obrokov dnevno (p < 0,001) kot pred njo, pogosteje so tudi dnevno zajtrkovali (p = 0,037), uživali sadje (p = 0,036) in polnozrnate izdelke (p = 0,044). Pri nobeni od spremenljivk, ki so označevale nezdravo prehranjevanje in uživanje tekočin med pandemijo (v primerjavi z obdobjem pred njo), nismo ugotovili statistično značilnih razlik. Iz tega sklepamo, da preizkušanci med pandemijo niso poslabšali svojih prehranjevalnih navad. Prav nasprotno, trdimo, da so jih izboljšali. Ugotovili smo, da so bili preizkušanci med pandemijo (v primerjavi pred njo) statistično značilno manj organizirano telesno dejavni v klubu ali društvu (p < 0,000), pa tudi neorganizirano s prijatelji (p < 0,000),. Prav tako so manj pogosto izvajali treninge športov (p < 0,000). Poleg tega smo ugotovili, da so preizkušanci med pandemijo spremenili svoje navade glede ukvarjanja s telesno dejavnostjo. Več so se ukvarjali s sprehodi (p = 0,015) in tekom (p = 0,029), manj pa z atletiko in gimnastiko (p = 0,006), s športi z žogo (p = 0,012) ter plesom in aerobiko (p = 0,049). V času pandemije smo opazili statistično značilno povečanje telesne nedejavnosti, saj je večina preizkušancev dnevno preživela več kot 4 ure v sedečem položaju (p < 0,000). Pri količini nočnega spanja pa nismo ugotovili statistično značilnih razlik (p = 0,510). Dodatno smo ugotovili, da so preizkušanci med pandemijo več igrali računalniške igrice (p = 0,030) in uporabljali družbena omrežja (p = 0,013). Pri večini rezultatov meritev za ŠVK smo ugotovili statistično značilno povečanje telesnih značilnosti oz. izboljšanje gibalnih sposobnosti. Ocenjujemo, da je to pretežno posledica telesnega in biološkega razvoja preizkušancev in ne ukrepov za omejevanje širjenja COVID-19. Večino sprememb v življenjskem slogu pretežno pripisujemo ravno pandemiji COVID-19. Za omilitev posledic ožji in širši strokovni javnosti priporočamo, da pripravi in izvede intervencijske programe za izboljšanje telesne zmogljivosti in gibalne učinkovitosti ter za krepitev zdravja otrok in mladostnikov.

• Jezik: Slovenski jezik
• Ključne besede: življenjski slog, telesna dejavnost, COVID-19
• Vrsta gradiva: Magistrsko delo/naloga
• Tipologija: 2.09 - Magistrsko delo
• Organizacija: FŠ - Fakulteta za šport
• Leto izida: 2023
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-148246
• COBISS.SI-ID: 166253315
• Datum objave v RUL: 05.08.2023

Sekundarni jezik

• Jezik: Angleški jezik
• Naslov: Lifestyle and physical activity of primary school students before and during the covid-19 pandemic

Izvleček

The purpose of the master's work was to investigate changes in lifestyle and physical activity among elementary school students, before and during the period of the COVID-19 pandemic. Based on the results of the survey, we investigated changes in sleep, sedentary behavior, time spent in front of screens, and the method and frequency of physical activity. In addition, we compared the results of the sports-education card, measured in 2019 and 2021. Elementary school students accessed the online questionnaire at school, in the period from 7. 6. 2022 until 24. 6. 2022 The questionnaire was created on the 1KA website, and 93 students, aged 9 to 15 years, answered it correctly. It was answered by students from 4th to 9th grade. Statistical data processing was performed in the SPSS 25 program (SPSS Inc., Armonk, NY, USA), while the final results were tabulated in the Microsoft Excel 2021 program (Microsoft Corporation, Washington, USA). We found that the changes between the two periods were largely manifested in the area of sedentary behavior. Many more primary school children increased their sitting time. In addition, the time spent playing computer games has increased significantly, especially among boys. There were no changes in the way of eating habits. However, the way and frequency of physical activity among children has changed to a large extent. More often, children only engaged in crossing and running, while other sports activities experienced a decline. Due to the measures and the consequent closure of schools and sports organizations, fewer children participated in sports on a daily basis. When comparing the results of the sports-education card, the majority of children improved their results, which can be attributed to the influence of the development and growth of elementary school students. However, the result of endurance test declined, which means that the physical activity of children and adolescents was insufficiently intense and unorganized. If we combine insufficiently intense activity, less daily movement and an increase in sedentary behavior, we certainly get the changes brought about by the measures during the period of the COVID-19 pandemic. Through the research, we found that there were changes in most elements of the lifestyle and that the closure of public life and schools affected the lifestyle of elementary school students.

• Ključne besede: Lifestyle, physical activity, COVID-19