Introduction: Asthma is one of the most common chronic inflammatory lung diseases characterized by reversible narrowing of the airways. The World Health Organization and the Global Initiative for Asthma estimate that more than 300 million people worldwide have asthma. Among the consequences of asthma, a person feels the simptons like wheezing in the chest, coughing and difficulty breathing, which in turn leads to a decrease in oxygen. The most common causes of asthma are inhalation of various allergens and viral respiratory infections, but less often it is provoked by food, various medications, physical exertion or stress. The goals of treatment are to control asthma and symptoms and to reduce the risk of exacerbation, to prevent long-term changes in breathing and death from asthma. Health education of the patient and his family is also of key importance in the successful management of asthma. Purpose: The purpose of the thesis is to describe asthma, how an asthmatic attack and treatment takes place in the context of first and emergency medical aid, and to present the health education of a patient with asthma. Methods: A descriptive method of work was used. A review of domestic and foreign professional literature on first aid and out-of-hospital treatment of an asthma attack published from 2005 to 2022 was made. Literature was searched in the databases CINAHL, Medline, COBIB, Science direct, PubMed and Google Scholar from April 2021 to January 2023. Results: Before starting the treatment, the nurse informs the patient about the course of the disease, self-treatment and the correct use of medicines. When there is a worsening of asthma, we must understand this as a warning, as it may be the result of unsuccessful management of the disease. In patients who have an increased risk of deterioration in a stable condition, multiple controls, greater supervision and more careful medical education are required. If during an asthma attack the person does not have an inhaler or if the inhaler is ineffective, if the fingers and lips turn bluish and the person becomes confused or unresponsive, we as a first aid provider must call EMS. If the patient has any signs or symptoms of fatal asthma, he must be continuously monitored and observed. Discussion and conclusion: In the treatment of an asthmatic attack, the most appropriate use is a short-acting bronchodilator. In 2019, the Global Initiative for Asthma issued guidelines recommending the lowest possible doses of inhaled corticosteroids in combination with a long-acting adrenergic receptor agonist for the treatment of asthma. As much as half of adults experience anxiety and depression due to poor control of asthma and the resulting poorer quality of life. The task of healthcare workers is to motivate patients to have self-control of the disease and thus achieve controlled asthma.
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