Introduction: Shoulder dystocia is a rare obstetric emergency that can cause fetal morbidity or mortality within minutes. The incidence of shoulder dystocia is defined as labour requiring additional obstetric manoeuvres, which are performed after failure to gently pull the baby's head to deliver the shoulders. To deal with shoulder dystocia mnemonics are very helpful, the most common of which is the HELPERR mnemonic, which specifies the sequence of procedures for a successful delivery. Purpose: The purpose of this diploma is to review the literature on shoulder dystocia and to investigate which risk factors increase the risk of shoulder dystocia. Methods: A descriptive working method was used in the diploma, with an overview of the professional and scientific literature. For collecting data, both domestic and foreign databases where used: Cochrane Library, PubMed, MEDLINE, CINAHL, ScienceDirect and web browser Google Učenjak. The articles were chosen based on the age of the articleadequacy of the content, language of the text and access to the whole text. Results: 9 studies were included in the literature review. Many risk factors for shoulder dystocia have been described, but opinions are sometimes conflicting. The most common risk factors described include elevated body mass index, gestational diabetes, postterm pregnancy, fetal macrosomija, vacuum assisted delivery,induction of labour and short height of pregnant woman. Discussion and conclusion: There are many known risk factors that lead to shoulder dystocia. Some of them are obvious, others are more difficult to identify. It is important that health professionals are aware of them and pay more attention to them during the birth itself. A tool to assess the risk of shoulder dystocia would facilitate the work of midwives in the future and reduce the negative impact of this complication on the baby, mother and the whole family.
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