Vračanje tekaške zmogljivosti na izhodiščno raven po pretečenem gorskem ultramaratonu : magistrsko delo

Lihteneger Vidmajer, Jon (avtor), Ušaj, Anton (mentor)

Gorski ultramaraton je preizkušnja superdolgotrajne vzdržljivosti, kjer tekmovalci poleg razdalje, daljše od maratona (42.195 km), premagujejo tudi številne vzpone in spuste. Med superdolgotrajno vzdržljivostne preizkušnje spada tudi izziv »Everesting«, kjer gre za ponavljajoče premagovanje vzponov in spustov, dokler se s premaganimi višinskimi metri ne doseže višina največje gore sveta »Mount Everest« (8848m). Izziv »Everesting« je specifičen napor, saj se na dokaj kratki razdalji opravi veliko višinskih metrov. Po naporu kot je ultramaraton se pojavijo spremembe na različnih področjih, ki na začetku onemogočajo ponovno premagovanje napora. Pretekle študije so pokazale, da se pojavijo mišične mikro-poškodbe, vnetja, živčno-mišična utrujenost in porušeno hormonsko ravnovesje, ki predstavljajo ključne kratkotrajne odzive po ultramaratonu. Zmogljivost pa ostaja zmanjšana za nedoločen čas tudi po tem, ko se naštete spremembe vrnejo na izhodišče. V magistrski nalogi smo želeli primerjati napor in ključne odzive po tekaškem izzivu »Everesting«, z naporom in odzivi po različnih ultramaratonih iz razpoložljive literature. S tekaškimi testi smo želeli zaznati znižanje in vračanje tekaške zmogljivosti med maksimalnim in submaksimalnim dolgotrajnim naporom po izzivu »Everesting«. V raziskavi je sodeloval preiskovanec, ki je amaterski gorski ultramaratonec. Preiskovanec je opravil meritve pred izzivom »Everesting«, ki so služile kot izhodiščna vrednost, ter meritve po izzivu »Everesting«, ki smo jih primerjali z izhodiščem in literaturo rezultatov po ultramaratonu. Z rezultati meritev med samim izzivom smo primerjali napor med »Everestingom«, z naporom med ultramaratonom iz razpoložljive literature. Ugotovili smo, da bi naklon terena lahko vplival na intenzivnost napora, saj je preiskovanec med samim izzivom dosegal višjo intenzivnost, kot so jo v dosedanjih raziskavah izmerili med ravninskim ultramaratonom podobnega trajanja. Ugotovili smo tudi, da bi lahko sama dolžina ultramaratona pomembneje vpliva na kratkotrajne odzive po super dolgotrajnem naporu kot pa naklon, saj je med izzivom prišlo do manjših mišičnih mikro-poškodb, sistemskega vnetja in porušenega hormonskega ravnovesja, kot so izmerili med ultramaratonom na daljši razdalji z manj višinskimi metri. Tekaška zmogljivost, ki smo jo spremljali s tekaškimi testi med maksimalnim in submaksimalnim dolgotrajnim naporom, se v celoti ni povrnila tudi po 25 dneh. Glavni omejitveni dejavnik med vračanjem tekaške zmogljivosti so predstavljale spremenjene pljučne funkcije, ki so ostale spremenjene najdlje.

• Jezik: Slovenski jezik
• Ključne besede: Ultramaraton, izziv »Everesting«, super-dolgotrajna vzdržljivost, vračanje tekaške zmogljivosti
• Vrsta gradiva: Magistrsko delo/naloga
• Tipologija: 2.09 - Magistrsko delo
• Organizacija: FŠ - Fakulteta za šport
• Leto izida: 2023
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-144433
• COBISS.SI-ID: 146391299
• Datum objave v RUL: 22.02.2023

Sekundarni jezik

• Jezik: Angleški jezik
• Naslov: Return of Running Performance to Baseline after Elapsed Mountain Ultramarathon

Izvleček

The mountain ultramarathon is a test of ultra-endurance, where competitors, in addition to the distance longer than the marathon (42,195 km), also overcome numerous climbs and descents. The "Everesting" challenge belongs also to the ultra-endurance trials, which consists of overcoming ascents and descents until the height of the vertical meters reaches the height of the world's largest mountain "Mount Everest" (8848 m). The "Everesting" challenge is a specific effort, as many vertical meters are made over a fairly short distance. After exertion such as an ultramarathon, changes occur in various areas that initially disable the re-overcoming effort. Previous studies have shown that muscle micro-injuries, inflammation, neuromuscular fatigue and hormonal balance occur, representing key short-term responses after ultramarathon. However, capacity remains reduced indefinitely even after those short-term changes have returned to the baseline. The aim of this study was to compare the effort and key responses after the »Everesting« running challenge with the effort and responses of various ultramarathons from available literature. The running tests were used to detect the reduction and return of running performance during maximum and sub-maximimal long-term efforts following the »Everesting« challenge. The study involved a subject who is an amateur mountain ultramarathon runner. The subject took measurements before the »Everesting« challenge, which served as a baseline, and measurements after the challenge, which were compared with the baseline and literature of the results after the ultramarathon. With the results of measurements during the challenge, we compared the effort during "Everesting" with the effort during the ultramarathon from the available literature. We found that the inclination of the terrain affected the intensity of effort, as the subject achieved a higher intensity during the challenge itself than was measured during the flat ultramarathon. The length of the ultramarathon has a greater impact on short-term responses after super long-term effort than inclination, as there were minor muscle micro-injuries, systemic inflammation and degraded hormonal balance during the challenge than during the ultramarathon over a longer distance with less elevation metres. The running performance monitored by running tests during maximal and sub-maxasimal long-term effort was not fully recovered even after 25 days. The main limiting factor during the recovering of running performance was the lung functions, which remained changed even after 25 days.

• Ključne besede: Ultramarathon, »Everesting« challenge, ultra-endurance, recovering of running performance