The diploma thesis presents the biotechnological production of carotenoids and their possible application. Carotenoids are divided into two groups according to their chemical structure, namely carotenes and xanthophylls. They can be synthesized during normal cell growth (primary carotenoids) or due to inadequate growth conditions (secondary carotenoids). They have a protective function in the cell (they absorb light, retain excess energy during photosynthesis) and an antioxidant function (neutralization of free radicals, prevention of lipid oxidation). The thesis focuses on microalgae because they offer new opportunities and challenges and are increasingly used to obtain important and useful substances. There are two ways to cultivate microalgae, namely as an open and closed system. The diploma thesis also briefly describes the biosynthesis of carotenoids and ways to increase biosynthesis. Different stages of the downstream processes (separation, drying, cell lysis, extraction, purification, persistence) and the methods used for this purpose are listed and described. Carotenoids can be used in the food industry and in the preparation of feed due to their colour and nutritional properties or as additives. They are also used as natural dyes in the cosmetics and pharmaceutical industries. Recent applications include the incorporation of carotenoids into polymer products.
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