Correlating structural properties with electrochemical behavior of non-graphitizable carbons in Na-ion batteries

Tratnik, Blaž (avtor), Van de Velde, Nigel Willy (avtor), Jerman, Ivan (avtor), Kapun, Gregor (avtor), Tchernychova, Elena (avtor), Tomšič, Matija (avtor), Jamnik, Andrej (avtor), Genorio, Boštjan (avtor), Vižintin, Alen (avtor), Dominko, Robert (avtor)

We report on a detailed structural versus electrochemical property investigation of the corncob-derived non-graphitizable carbons prepared at different carbonization temperatures using a combination of structural characterization methodology unique to this field. Non-graphitizable carbons are currently the most viable option for the negative electrode in sodium-ion batteries. However, many challenges arise from the strong dependence of the precursor’s choice and carbonization parameters on the evolution of the carbon matrix and its resulting electrochemistry. We followed structure development upon the increase in carbonization temperature with thorough structural characterization and electrochemical testing. With the increase of carbonization temperature from 900 to 1600 °C, our prepared materials exhibited a trend toward increasing structural order, an increase in the specific surface area of micropores, the development of ultramicroporosity, and an increase in conductivity. This was clearly demonstrated by a synergy of small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering, scanning transmission electron microscopy, and electron-energy loss spectroscopy techniques. Three-electrode full cell measurements confirmed incomplete desodiation of Na$^+$ ions from the non-graphitizable carbons in the first cycle due to the formation of a solid−electrolyte interface and Na trapping in the pores, followed by a stable second cycle. The study of cycling stability over 100 cycles in a half-cell configuration confirmed the observed high irreversible capacity in the first cycle, which stabilized to a slow decrease afterward, with the Coulombic efficiency reaching 99% after 30 cycles and then stabilizing between 99.3 and 99.5%. Subsequently, a strong correlation between the determined structural properties and the electrochemical behavior was established.

• Jezik: Angleški jezik
• Ključne besede: hard carbon, Na-ion battery, structural properties, carbonization process, SAXS, correlations, porosity, electrochemical performance, chemical structure, electrodes, materials, surface chemistry
• Vrsta gradiva: Članek v reviji
• Tipologija: 1.01 - Izvirni znanstveni članek
• Organizacija: FKKT - Fakulteta za kemijo in kemijsko tehnologijo
• Status publikacije: Objavljeno
• Različica publikacije: Objavljena publikacija
• Leto izida: 2022
• Št. strani: Str. 10667–10679
• Številčenje: Vol. 5, iss. 9
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-142006
• UDK: 544.5/.6
• ISSN pri članku: 2574-0962
• DOI: 10.1021/acsaem.2c01390
• COBISS.SI-ID: 124486403
• Datum objave v RUL: 14.10.2022

Gradivo je del revije

• Naslov: ACS applied energy materials
• Skrajšan naslov: ACS app. energy mater.
• Založnik: American Chemical Society
• ISSN: 2574-0962
• COBISS.SI-ID: 39550725

Licence

• Licenca: CC BY 4.0, Creative Commons Priznanje avtorstva 4.0 Mednarodna
• Povezava: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.sl
• Opis: To je standardna licenca Creative Commons, ki daje uporabnikom največ možnosti za nadaljnjo uporabo dela, pri čemer morajo navesti avtorja.

Sekundarni jezik

• Jezik: Slovenski jezik
• Ključne besede: elektrokemija, testiranje, ogljik, elektroliti