Sekundarni metaboliti v plodovih, listih in izdelkih oreha (Juglans regia L.)

Bogovič, Patricija (avtor), Štampar, Franci (mentor)

Sekundarni metaboliti so spojine, ki imajo v rastlinah predvsem ekološko in varovalno funkcijo. Nastajajo iz primarnih metabolitov oziroma njihovih intermediatov. V listih oreha je največ fenolov. Najvidnejši predstavnik izmed njih je juglon. Zanj je značilno alelopatsko delovanje na ostale rastline. Vrednost fenolov v listih niha. Največja je v mesecu juliju in nato skozi mesec avgust upade. Odvisna je od sorte in okoljskih dejavnikov. V jedrcu je najbolj zastopana galna kislina. Prisotne so še elagna kislina, kavna kislina, klorogenska kislina, vanilna kislina, itd. Jedrca so pomembna predvsem zaradi maščobnih kislin, ki ne spadajo v skupino sekundarnih metabolitov. Na njihovo obstojnost vplivajo fenoli. Tržni proizvod sta tudi orehovec in orehovo olje. Za prvega nabiramo še nezrele zelene plodove in iz njih pripravimo žgano pijačo. Orehovec je bogat s fenoli. Nasprotno velja za orehovo olje. To pretežno vsebuje nenasičene maščobne kisline (linolna, linolenska, oleinska). Pridelamo ga iz že posušenih orehovih jedrc. Različne metode stiskanja ne vplivajo značilno na spremembo sestave olja.

• Jezik: Slovenski jezik
• Ključne besede: sekundarni metaboliti, oreh, Juglans regia, fenoli, juglon
• Vrsta gradiva: Diplomsko delo/naloga
• Tipologija: 2.11 - Diplomsko delo
• Organizacija: BF - Biotehniška fakulteta
• Leto izida: 2022
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-140887
• COBISS.SI-ID: 125818627
• Datum objave v RUL: 21.09.2022

Sekundarni jezik

• Jezik: Angleški jezik
• Naslov: Secondary metabolites in fruits, leaves and walnut products (Juglans regia L.)

Izvleček

Secondary metabolites are compounds that have an important ecological and protective function in plants. They are formed from primary metabolites or their intermediates. Walnut leaves contain mostly phenols. Main representative is juglone. Juglone is known by his allelopathic effect on other plants. The concentration of phenols in leaves fluctuates. Their highest concentrations are in July. In August the phenol concentration decreases. It depends on cultivar and enviromental factors. Gallic acid is the most abundant in kernels. Ellagic acid, caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, vanillic acid, etc. are also present. Kernels are important because of fatty acids. These are not secondary metabolites. Their stability is influenced by phenols. Walnut liqueur and walnut oil are also marketable products. For walnut liqueur unripe green fruits are collected (ethanol is added). The liqueur is rich in phenols. The opposite is true for walnut oil. It mainly contains unsaturated fatty acids (linoleic, linolenic, oleic). Oil is produced from already dried kernels by pressing. Different pressing methods do not significantly affect the change in oil composition.

• Ključne besede: secondary metabolites, walnut, Juglans regia L., phenols, juglone