Učinki standardne fizioterapije z dodano mehansko trakcijo na bolečino in kakovost življenja pri pacientih z artrozo kolena : magistrsko delo

Florjančič, Kati (avtor), Vauhnik, Renata (mentor), Kacin, Alan (recenzent)

Uvod: Bolečina je pri pacientih z artrozo kolena glavni simptom, ki vpliva tudi na njihovo telesno dejavnost in kakovost življenja. Kirurška metoda z razmikanjem kolenskega sklepa je postavila temelje za uporabo mehanske trakcije kot podpore standardni fizioterapiji pri pacientih z artrozo kolena za zmanjševanje bolečine in izboljšanje kakovosti življenja. Namen: Ugotoviti ali standardna fizioterapija z mehansko trakcijo kolenskega sklepa zmanjša bolečino in izboljša kakovost življenja pri pacientih z artrozo kolena. Metode dela: Opravljena je bila klinično opazovalna raziskava, v katero smo vključili 23 preiskovancev z artrozo kolena. Prejeli so standardno fizioterapijo in mehansko trakcijo. Učinke na bolečino smo merili z vizualno analogno lestvico. Učinke na bolečino in kakovost življenja smo merili z dvema deloma vprašalnika o okvari kolena zaradi osteoartritisa, telesno dejavnost smo ocenili s 30-sekundnim testom vstajanja s stola. Meritve smo izvedli pred začetkom obravnav in po osmi obravnavi. Statistična analiza je bila opravljena s programom R Comander. Za primerjavo rezultatov smo uporabili test t za odvisna vzorca ali Wilcoxonov test predznačenih rangov, odvisno od značilnosti porazdelitve, ki smo jo ocenili s Shapiro-Wilkovim testom. Statistično moč rezultatov smo izračunali s Hedgesovim koeficientom g. Z linearnim modelom multiple regresije smo preverili odvisnost bolečine od spola in telesne mase v mirovanju. Rezultati: Po osmih obravnavah se je zmanjšala bolečina, merjena z vizualno lestvico v mirovanju (p < 0,001) in med gibanjem (p < 0,001), ter na delu vprašalnika o okvari kolena zaradi osteoartritisa, ki se nanaša na bolečino (p < 0,05). Kakovost življenja se ni izboljšala (p > 0,05), izboljšala pa se je telesna dejavnost preiskovancev (p < 0,05). Bolečina v mirovanju ni bila povezana s starostjo, povezana pa je bila s telesno maso (p < 0,05). Razprava in zaključek: Standardna fizioterapija z dodano mehansko trakcijo zmanjša bolečine pri pacientih z artrozo kolena. Zmanjšanje bolečine v mirovanju je povezano s telesno maso posameznika. Telesna dejavnost se je povečala, kar bi dolgoročno lahko vplivalo na kakovost življenja. Kakovost življenja se ni izboljšala, kar je posledica majhnega vzorca in slabe občutljivosti merilnega orodja. V prihodnjih raziskavah je potrebno proučiti učinkovitost mehanske trakcije kolenskega sklepa z uporabo kontrolne skupine.

• Jezik: Slovenski jezik
• Ključne besede: magistrska dela, fizioterapija, mehanska trakcija, artroza, kolenski sklep, bolečina, kakovost življenja
• Vrsta gradiva: Magistrsko delo/naloga
• Tipologija: 2.09 - Magistrsko delo
• Organizacija: ZF - Zdravstvena fakulteta
• Kraj izida: Ljubljana
• Založnik: [K. Florjančič]
• Leto izida: 2022
• Št. strani: 56 str., [17] str. pril.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-140050
• UDK: 615.8
• COBISS.SI-ID: 120967939
• Datum objave v RUL: 10.09.2022

Sekundarni jezik

• Jezik: Angleški jezik
• Naslov: Effects of standard physiotherapy with addition of mechanical traction on pain and quality of life in patients with knee arthrosis : master thesis

Izvleček

Introduction: Pain is the main symptom in patients with knee arthrosis, which also affects their physical activity and quality of life. The knee joint distraction is the surgical operative method that laid the foundation for the use of mechanical traction to support standard physiotherapy in patients with knee arthrosis to reduce pain and improve quality of life. Purpose: The aim of the study was to determine if standard physiotherapy with addition of knee mechanical traction reduces pain and improves quality of life in patients with knee arthrosis. Methods: A clinical observation study on 23 patients with knee arthrosis was carried out. They received standard physiotherapy and knee mechanical traction. Pain was measured with a visual analog scale. Quality of life and pain were measured with two parts of the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score and physical activity was assessed with a 30-second sit-to-stand test. Measurements were performed before and after the eighth session. Statistical analysis was done with the R Comander program. To compare the results, we used the paired t test or the Wilcoxon test, depending on the data distribution, which was assessed with the Shapiro-Wilk test. The statistical power was calculated with the Hedges’ g. We checked if the pain when resting depends on sex and body weight using a linear model. Results: After eight treatments, the pain measured by the visual analog scale at rest (p < 0.001) and during movement (p < 0.001) as well as on the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score pain part decreased (p < 0.05). The quality of life did not improve (p > 0.05), but the physical activity of the subjects did (p < 0.05). Pain at rest was not associated with age but was associated with body mass (p < 0.05). Discussion and conclusion: Standard physiotherapy with addition of mechanical traction reduces pain in patients with knee arthrosis. Reduction of pain at rest is related to an individual’s body mass. Physical activity has increased, which could affect the quality of life in the long term. Quality of life did not improve due to small sample size and poor responsiveness of the measuring tool. Future research should examine the effectiveness of knee mechanical traction using a control group.

• Ključne besede: master's theses, physiotherapy, mechanical traction, arthrosis, knee joint, pain, quality of life