Wastewater is water that is produced after fresh, raw, drinkable, or saline water has been used in various applications or processes. Roughly speaking, wastewater can be divided into three main types: municipal or domestic wastewater, industrial wastewater and stormwater or precipitation wastewater. The pollutants in wastewater come from a variety of sources, either natural pollutants or synthetic pollutants. When water is contaminated and decontamination is necessary, the best treatment approach must be chosen to achieve the decontamination objectives. Different processes and techniques are used. Membrane filtration is becoming a common technique to achieve adequate water quality. The use of carbon nanotubes in this context shows great potential due to their surface chemistry, morphology, chemical and physical interaction with organic and inorganic substances, good adsorption properties and many possibilities for functionalisation or modification. Various membrane filters have already been developed for practical applications and their high efficiency has been demonstrated in studies. Among the most effective is an electrochemical filter made of carbon nanotube clusters coupled with in situ generation of H2O2. However, the high cost of the material, the fouling of the filter and the ecological problems of carbon nanotubes are a challenge for everyday use in wastewater treatment. More studies should be carried out for this purpose, especially on a larger scale.
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