Proizvodnja kanabinoidov s kvasovkami

Pogač, Pia Eva (avtor), Kreft, Samo (mentor)

Kanabinoidi so sekundarni metaboliti, ki nastajajo v žleznih trihomih rastlin konopolje (Cannabis sativa). Poznanih je že več kot 180, najbolj znana sta tetrahidrokanabinol (THC) in kanabidiol (CBD). Biosintezna pot kanabinoidov je bila raziskana šele pred kratkim. Glavna prekurzorja sta olivetolna kislina, ki nastane po poliketidni poti in geranil difosfat (GPP), ki nastane po plastidni poti 2-C-metil-D-eritritol 4-fosfata (MEP). Olivetolna kislina se nato z geranilacijo pretvori v kanabigerolno kislino (CBGA), ki je osrednji prekurzor za kanabinoide. Kanabinoidi imajo veliko terapevtsko uporabnih lastnosti, kot so na primer protivnetno delovanje, sproščanje mišic, pomirjevalni učinki, spodbujanje apetita, zaviranje slabosti in pozitivni učinki na razpoloženje. Ravno zaradi tega je uporaba kanabinoidov obetavna strategija s katero bi lahko premagali pomanjkanje učinkovitih konvencionalnih zdravljenj številnih patologij, kot so nevrodegenerativne bolezni, epilepsija, kronična bolečina in rak. Pridobivanje in raziskovanje kanabinoidov pa ovira veliko dejavnikov, nekateri od njih so stroga zakonodaja gojenja konoplje, nizke količine nekaterih kanabinoidov v rastlinah in draga kemična sinteza. Ena od možnih rešitev je metabolni inženiring mikroorganizmov, da omogočimo fermentacijo kanabinoidov. Temelj obsežne fermentacije kanabinoidov je že bil postavljen, v prihodnosti pa bomo morali še bolj natančno ovrednotiti in kasneje premostiti ozka grla, da bomo lahko dosegli proizvodnjo kanabinoidov na industrijski ravni.

• Jezik: Slovenski jezik
• Ključne besede: biotehnologija, kanabinoidi, kvasovke, metabolni inženiring
• Vrsta gradiva: Diplomsko delo/naloga
• Tipologija: 2.11 - Diplomsko delo
• Organizacija: BF - Biotehniška fakulteta
• Kraj izida: Ljubljana
• Založnik: [P. E. Pogač]
• Leto izida: 2022
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-137739
• UDK: 602.3:582.282.23:604.4:547.9(043.2)
• COBISS.SI-ID: 114984707
• Datum objave v RUL: 30.06.2022

POGAČ, Pia Eva, 2022, Proizvodnja kanabinoidov s kvasovkami [na spletu]. Diplomsko delo. Ljubljana : P. E. Pogač. [Dostopano 19 maj 2025]. Pridobljeno s: https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/IzpisGradiva.php?lang=slv&id=137739

Sekundarni jezik

• Jezik: Angleški jezik
• Naslov: Production of cannabinoids with yeast

Izvleček

Cannabinoids are secondary metabolites produced in the glandular trichomes of cannabis plants. More than 180 are already known, the best-known being tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabigerol (CBD). The biosynthetic pathway of cannabinoids has only recently been investigated. The main precursors are olivetolic acid formed from the polyketide pathway and geranyl diphosphate (GPP) formed from the plastid 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate pathway (MEP). Olivetolic acid is then converted to cannabigerolic acid (CBGA), which is a central precursor for many cannabinoids. Cannabinoids have therapeutically useful properties such as anti inflammatory action, muscle relaxation, sedative effects, appetite stimulation, nausea relief and positive mood effects. And precisely because of this, the use of cannabinoids is a promising strategy that could overcome the lack of effective conventional treatments for many pathologies such as neurodegenerative diseases, epilepsy, chronic pain and cancer. However, the extraction and research of cannabinoids is hampered by many factors, some of which are strict cannabis cultivation legislation, low levels of cannabinoids in plants, and costly chemical synthesis. One of the possible solutions is the use of metabolic engineering of microorganisms, to enable the fermentation of cannabinoids. The foundation for large scale fermentation of cannabinoids has already been set, and in the future we will have to evaluate even more precisely and later overcome bottlenecks in order to achieve cannabinoid production at the industrial level.

• Ključne besede: biotechnology, cannabinoids, yeast, metabolic engineering