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Accuracy assessment of UAV-photogrammetric-derived products using PPK and GCPs in challenging terrains : in search of optimized rockfall mapping
ID
Žabota, Barbara
(
Avtor
),
ID
Kobal, Milan
(
Avtor
)
PDF - Predstavitvena datoteka,
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(5,46 MB)
MD5: F3AD5D29FEE3C2D252AD1D5E7956A093
URL - Izvorni URL, za dostop obiščite
https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/19/3812
Galerija slik
Izvleček
Unmanned aerial photogrammetric surveys are increasingly being used for mapping and studying natural hazards, such as rockfalls. Surveys using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) can be performed in remote, hardly accessible, and dangerous areas, while the photogrammetricderived products, with high spatial and temporal accuracy, can provide us with detailed information about phenomena under consideration. However, as photogrammetry commonly uses indirect georeferencing through bundle block adjustment (BBA) with ground control points (GCPs), data acquisition in the field is not only time-consuming and labor-intensive, but also extremely dangerous. Therefore, the main goal of this study was to investigate how accurate photogrammetric products can be produced by using BBA without GCPs and auxiliary data, namely using the coordinates X$_0$, Y$_0$ and Z$_0$ of the camera perspective centers computed with PPK (Post-Processing Kinematic). To this end, orthomosaics and digital surface models (DSMs) were produced for three rockfall sites by using images acquired with a DJI Phantom 4 RTK and the two different BBA methods mentioned above (hereafter referred to as BBA_traditional and BBA_PPK). The accuracy of the products, in terms of the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), was computed by using verification points (VPs). The accuracy of both BBA methods was also assessed. To test the differences between the georeferencing methods, two statistical test were used, namely a paired Student’s t-test, and a non-parametric Wilcoxon signed-rank. The results show that the accuracy of the BBA_PPK is inferior to that of BBA_traditional, with the total RMSE values for the three sites being 0.056, 0.066, and 0.305 m, respectively, compared to 0.019, 0.036 and 0.014 m obtained with BBA_traditional. The accuracies of the BBA methods are reflected in the accuracy of the orthomosaics, whose values for the BBA_PPK are 0.039, 0.043 and 0.157 m, respectively, against 0.029, 0.036 and 0.020 m obtained with the BBA_traditional. Concerning the DSM, those produced with the BBA_PPK method present accuracy values of 0.065, 0.072 and 0.261 m, respectively, against 0.038, 0.060 and 0.030 m obtained with the BBA_traditional. Even though that there are statistically significant differences between the georeferencing methods, one can state that the BBA_PPK presents a viable solution to map dangerous and exposed areas, such as rockfall transit and deposit areas, especially for applications at a regional level.
Jezik:
Angleški jezik
Ključne besede:
georeferencing
,
UAV
,
photogrammetry
,
GNSS
,
PPK
,
accuracy
,
bundle block adjustment
,
orthomosaic
,
digital surface model
,
rockfalls
Vrsta gradiva:
Članek v reviji
Tipologija:
1.01 - Izvirni znanstveni članek
Organizacija:
BF - Biotehniška fakulteta
Status publikacije:
Objavljeno
Različica publikacije:
Objavljena publikacija
Leto izida:
2021
Št. strani:
31 str.
Številčenje:
Vol. 13, iss. 19, art. 3812
PID:
20.500.12556/RUL-136332
UDK:
630*58
ISSN pri članku:
2072-4292
DOI:
10.3390/rs13193812
COBISS.SI-ID:
77631491
Datum objave v RUL:
25.04.2022
Število ogledov:
845
Število prenosov:
136
Metapodatki:
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Objavi na:
Gradivo je del revije
Naslov:
Remote sensing
Skrajšan naslov:
Remote sens.
Založnik:
MDPI
ISSN:
2072-4292
COBISS.SI-ID:
32345133
Licence
Licenca:
CC BY 4.0, Creative Commons Priznanje avtorstva 4.0 Mednarodna
Povezava:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.sl
Opis:
To je standardna licenca Creative Commons, ki daje uporabnikom največ možnosti za nadaljnjo uporabo dela, pri čemer morajo navesti avtorja.
Začetek licenciranja:
01.10.2021
Sekundarni jezik
Jezik:
Slovenski jezik
Ključne besede:
fotogrametrija
,
ortomozaik
,
digitalni površinski model
,
skalni podori
,
gozdovi
Projekti
Financer:
EC - European Commission
Program financ.:
Interreg Alpine Space
Številka projekta:
ASP 462
Naslov:
ROCKtheALPS
Financer:
EC - European Commission
Program financ.:
Interreg Alpine Space
Številka projekta:
ASP 635
Naslov:
GreenRisk4ALPs
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