Prezentacije spolov v osnovnošolskih učbenikih za španščino kot drugi tuji jezik

Gačnik, Katarina (avtor), Šifrar Kalan, Marjana (mentor), Antić Gaber, Milica (mentor)

Pričujoče delo na podlagi pridobljenih virov in informacij predstavlja oblikovanje spolov preko različnih agentov, še posebej pa nas zanima vpliv šolskega polja in učnih pripomočkov, ki otrokom predstavljajo objektivno znanje in podobo sveta. Ljudje smo skozi stoletja razvijali, ohranjali in utrjevali podobe spolov, ki so se spreminjale glede na potrebe določene družbe v nekem času in prostoru. Kljub formalno-pravnim vzgibom odpravljanja neenakosti med spoli nas danes še vedno zaznamuje binarni pogled na svet oz. priznavanje le dveh, bioloških spolov in hkratno zanikanje ostalih spolnih identitet. Ker so moški skozi vso zgodovino konstruirali in postavljali pravila in norme vsakdanjega življenja, je to pomenilo, da so lahko imeli nadmoč nad ženskami in jih je potisnil v podrejeni položaj, jih omejeval ter jim odvzel svobodo. To moč pa ohranjajo še danes, pod pretvezo naravnega stanja stvari in meritokratskih načel. Različni dejavniki (družina, vrstniki, množičnimi mediji, izobraževalne, politične, verske, prostočasne in druge institucije in organizacije) s svojo strukturiranostjo in delovanjem (re)producirajo spolni red in vzdržujejo trenutni položaj spolov v družbi, zato se težko in zelo počasi otresajo vzorcev zgodovine. Spolni stereotipi in diskriminacija so v družbi še vedno močno prisotni, kar najbolj občutijo ženske in so zaradi tega depriviligirane v primerjavi z moškimi pri zagotavljanju enakih možnosti in uspehov. Da bi vzpostavili in zagotovili enakost spolov, moramo sodelovati tako institucije kot posamezniki in posameznice, začenši s poučevanjem najmlajših. Pridobljene informacije in ugotovitve smo uporabili pri analizi učbenikov za španščino kot tuji jezik ter ugotovili, da je v tekstovnem delu večkrat prisotna spolna diskriminacija ter tudi v slikovnem delu opazili določene podobe, ki so jim pripisane vloge, tradicionalno povezane s stereotipno pojmovanimi ženskimi in stereotipno pojmovanimi moškimi opravili.

• Jezik: Slovenski jezik
• Ključne besede: spol, spolni stereotipi, seksizem, spolno občutljiva raba jezika, učbeniki za španščino kot tuji jezik
• Vrsta gradiva: Magistrsko delo/naloga
• Tipologija: 2.09 - Magistrsko delo
• Organizacija: FF - Filozofska fakulteta
• Kraj izida: Ljubljana
• Založnik: [K. Gačnik]
• Leto izida: 2022
• Št. strani: 112 str.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-135994
• COBISS.SI-ID: 103920131
• Datum objave v RUL: 06.04.2022

GAČNIK, Katarina, 2022, Prezentacije spolov v osnovnošolskih učbenikih za španščino kot drugi tuji jezik [na spletu]. Magistrsko delo. Ljubljana : K. Gačnik. [Dostopano 26 april 2025]. Pridobljeno s: https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/IzpisGradiva.php?lang=slv&id=135994

Sekundarni jezik

• Jezik: Angleški jezik
• Naslov: Gender manifestation in student`s books for Spanish as a second foreign language in primary school

Izvleček

This thesis uses the acquired sources and information to explain the formation of gender through various agents, with special focus placed on the influence of the school environment and teaching aids used to present children with objective knowledge and the image of the world. Over the centuries, people have developed, maintained and consolidated images of the binary genders (based on the “biological” sexes) that have changed according to the needs of a particular society in a given time and space. Despite the formal and legal attempts of eliminating gender inequality, today we are still marked by a binary view of the world in which there is only room for two biological-sex-based genders, whereas all other gender identities are systematically denied. As men have constructed and set the rules and norms of everyday life, this meant they could exercise supremacy over women (not to mention all other genders), pushing them into a subordinate position, restricting them and depriving them of their freedom. Men have maintained this supremacy to this very today, keeping it up under the pretext of the “natural state” of affairs and meritocratic principles. Various factors (family, peers, mass media, educational, political, religious, leisure and other institutions and organizations) with their structure and functioning have been (re)producing the gender order and maintaining the current position of the sexes (a binary sex-based gender system) in society, hence shaking off patterns of history is a slow and tedious effort. Gender stereotypes and discrimination are still strongly present in society, wherefore women (and other genders) are significantly deprivileged in comparison to men when it comes to ensuring equal opportunities and success. In order to establish and ensure gender equality, we need to involve both institutions and individuals and generally raise awareness, starting by teaching the youngest. The obtained information and findings were used in the analysis of textbooks for Spanish as a foreign language and it was ascertained that gender discrimination is often present in the textual part as well as on the visual level - certain images in the textbooks are presented in a heteronormative way, attributing traditional stereotypes (tasks) to stereotypically conceived female and male characters.

• Ključne besede: gender, gender stereotypes, sexism, gender sensitive use of language, student`s books for Spanish as a foreign language