Nutritional, cardiovascular health and lifestyle status of ‘health conscious’ adult vegans and non-vegans from Slovenia : a cross-sectional self-reported survey

Jakše, Boštjan (avtor), Jakše, Barbara (avtor), Godnov, Uroš (avtor), Pinter, Stanislav (avtor)

The study aim was to investigate differences in nutritional, cardiovascular and lifestyle status of ‘health conscious’ subjects. In a partial ‘lock-down’ during the COVID-19 pandemic period, we performed a web-based, cross-sectional study. We compared 80 self-selected subjects (51 vegans, 67% females, and 29 non-vegans, 55% females, p = 0.344). Nutritional status was assessed by bioelectrical impedance and standardized food frequency questionnaires (i.e., contribution of nutrients from foods and supplementation, combined and separate). Serum lipid concentrations and blood pressure (BP) were assessed from annual or initial examination reports, while sociodemographic, economic, and lifestyle statuses were obtained by standardized questionnaires. Finally, a multivariate linear regression model was used to estimate the relationship between total fiber and saturated fatty acid (SFA) intake and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL cholesterol) values. The vegans had a significantly lower body mass index (22.8 ± 2.4 vs. 26.6 ± 3.6 kg/m$^2$, p < 0.001) and body fat % (19.3 ± 7.3 vs. 25.8 ± 8.2%, p < 0.001) than the non-vegans. There were significant differences between vegans and non-vegans in energy intake, and most macronutrient (10/12) and micronutrient (15/23) intakes in units/day. Both diets were well designed, with high fiber and low SFA and free sugar intake but remained insufficient in n-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (for vegans), vitamin D, calcium, sodium (for vegans) and iodine. Vegans also had a significantly lower lipid profile and BP than non-vegans, except for high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. However, both groups met targeted recommendations. Furthermore, fiber and SFA intake and age explained 47% of the variance in LDL cholesterol. In conclusion, ‘health conscious’ vegans and non-vegans with comparable lifestyle statuses had significant differences in dietary intake, body composition and cardiovascular health status.

• Jezik: Angleški jezik
• Ključne besede: sport, vegan, non-vegan, nutrition, body composition, cardiovascular health, lifestyle, blood lipids, blood pressure, COVID-19, diet
• Vrsta gradiva: Članek v reviji
• Tipologija: 1.01 - Izvirni znanstveni članek
• Organizacija: BF - Biotehniška fakulteta ; FŠ - Fakulteta za šport
• Status publikacije: Objavljeno
• Različica publikacije: Objavljena publikacija
• Leto izida: 2021
• Št. strani: 22 str.
• Številčenje: Vol. 18, iss. 11, art. 5968
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-135652
• UDK: 796.01:612.39
• ISSN pri članku: 1660-4601
• DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18115968
• COBISS.SI-ID: 68080899
• Datum objave v RUL: 23.03.2022

Gradivo je del revije

• Naslov: International journal of environmental research and public health
• Skrajšan naslov: Int. j. environ. res. public health
• Založnik: MDPI
• ISSN: 1660-4601
• COBISS.SI-ID: 1818965

Licence

• Licenca: CC BY 4.0, Creative Commons Priznanje avtorstva 4.0 Mednarodna
• Povezava: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.sl
• Opis: To je standardna licenca Creative Commons, ki daje uporabnikom največ možnosti za nadaljnjo uporabo dela, pri čemer morajo navesti avtorja.
• Začetek licenciranja: 02.06.2021

Sekundarni jezik

• Jezik: Slovenski jezik
• Ključne besede: šport, veganstvo, neveganstvo, dieta, prehrana, telesna sestava, srčno-žilne bolezni, življenjski stil, krvni pritisk, COVID-19