Ocena ekološkega stanja Bohinjskega jezera na podlagi makrofitov

Griz, Lucija (avtor), Germ, Mateja (mentor)

Stalno spremljanje ekološkega stanja vodnih teles je del Vodne direktive (Water Framework Directive), ki ureja nadzor kakovosti voda. Biološki elementi se uporabljajo za oceno stanja ekološkega stanja. V raziskavi nas je zanimalo, v kakšnem ekološkem stanju se nahaja Bohinjsko jezero glede na makrofite, kakšna je njihova vrstna sestava in pogostost ter globina uspevanja. Preverili smo, kateri fizikalni in kemijski parametri vplivajo na razporeditev makrofitov. Merili smo koncentracijo kisika in nasičenost s kisikom, pH, temperaturo in električno prevodnost. Opazovali smo tudi, kakšna je raba tal v zaledju, substrat in obrežna vegetacija. Zabeležili smo devet vrst makrofitov iz štirih družin, našli smo jih na globinah od 0,4 do 7,7 m. Najpogosteje najdena vrsta je bila klasasti rmanec (Myriophyllum spicatum). V jezeru uspevajo še štiri vrste dristavcev, tri vrste har ter emergentna vrsta navadni trst (Phragmites australis). Vrsta P. pusillus, je bila v Bohinjskem jezeru najdena po petih letih. Glede na popisane makrofite smo izračunali indeks SMILE (Slovenski indeks za vrednotenje ekološkega stanja jezerskih ekosistemov na podlagi makrofitov). Jezero smo v letu 2020 na podlagi makrofitov uvrstili v zelo dobro ekološko stanje. Multivariatna analiza je izmed okoljskih dejavnikov pokazala statistično značilen vpliv substrata na razporeditev makrofitov. Glede na prejšnja leta ostaja ekološko stanje Bohinjskega jezera na podlagi makrofitov zelo dobro.

• Jezik: Slovenski jezik
• Ključne besede: Bohinjsko jezero, makrofiti, ocena ekološkega stanja, vrstna sestava, razporejanje makrofitov, okoljski dejavniki
• Vrsta gradiva: Magistrsko delo/naloga
• Organizacija: BF - Biotehniška fakulteta
• Leto izida: 2021
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-133387
• Datum objave v RUL: 25.11.2021

Sekundarni jezik

• Jezik: Angleški jezik
• Naslov: Evaluation of ecological condition in Lake Bohinj based on macrophytes

Izvleček

Constant monitoring of ecological status of water bodies is a part of Water Framework Directive (WFD), which commits European Union member states to achieve good qualitative and quantitative status of all water bodies by 2015. Biological elements are included in the evaluation of the ecological status. In research, we concentrated on ecological status Lake Bohinj based on macrophyte community, the composition of species, and their abundances. We also examined how physical and chemical parameters effect their distribution on macrophytes. Measured parameters were oxygen concentrations and saturation, pH, temperature and electrical conductivity. At site, we detected land use in catchment of lake, substrate and riparian vegetation. In the laboratory, we determined concentrations of total phosphorus and nitrogen. We found 9 species of aquatic plants from four different plant families. They were found in depth from 0,4 to 7,7 m. The most frequently noted species was Eurasian watermilfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum). Based on the list of aquatic plants we found, we calculated SMILE index (Slovenian index for evaluation of ecological state of lake ecosystems based on macrophytes). Results have shown that lake in year 2020 we classified lake Bohinj to very good. The multivariant analysis showed that only substrate had effected significantly on distribution of macrophytes from all environmental factors. By comparing data from previous years, we showed that Lake Bohinj still belongs to very good ecological status.

• Ključne besede: Lake Bohinj, macrophyte, evaluation of ecological condition, composition of species, distribution of macrophytes, environmental factors