Evaluation of disease severity and global transcriptome response induced by Citrus bark cracking viroid, Hop latent viroid, and their co-infection in hop (Humulus lupulus L.)

Štajner, Nataša (avtor), Radišek, Sebastjan (avtor), Kumar Mishra, Ajay (avtor), Nath, Vishnu Sukumari (avtor), Matoušek, Jaroslav (avtor), Jakše, Jernej (avtor)

Viroids are small non-capsidated, single-stranded, covalently-closed circular noncoding RNA replicons of 239–401 nucleotides that exploit host factors for their replication, and some cause disease in several economically important crop plants, while others appear to be benign. The proposed mechanisms of viroid pathogenesis include direct interaction of the genomic viroid RNA with host factors and post-transcriptional or transcriptional gene silencing via viroid-derived small RNAs (vd-sRNAs) generated by the host defensive machinery. Humulus lupulus (hop) plants are hosts to several viroids among which Hop latent viroid (HLVd) and Citrus bark cracking viroid (CBCVd) are attractive model systems for the study of viroid-host interactions due to the symptomless infection of the former and severe symptoms induced by the latter in this indicator host. To better understand their interactions with hop plant, a comparative transcriptomic analysis based on RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was performed to reveal the transcriptional alterations induced as a result of single HLVd and CBCVd infection in hop. Additionally, the effect of HLVd on the aggressiveness of CBCVd that underlies severe stunting in hop in a mixed infection was studied by transcriptomic analysis. Our analysis revealed that CBCVd infection resulted in dynamic changes in the activity of genes as compared to single HLVd infection and their mixed infection. The differentially expressed genes that are involved in defense, phytohormone signaling, photosynthesis and chloroplasts, RNA regulation, processing and binding; protein metabolism and modification; and other mechanisms were more modulated in the CBCVd infection of hop. Nevertheless, Gene Ontology (GO) classification and pathway enrichment analysis showed that the expression of genes involved in the proteolysis mechanism is more active in a mixed infection as compared to a single one, suggesting co-infecting viroids may result in interference with host factors more prominently. Collectively, our results provide a deep transcriptome of hop and insight into complex single HLVd, CBCVd, and their coinfection in hop-plant interactions.

• Jezik: Angleški jezik
• Ključne besede: Citrus bark cracking viroid, co-infection, differentially expressed genes, Humulus lupulus, Hop latent viroid, transcriptome profiling
• Vrsta gradiva: Članek v reviji
• Tipologija: 1.01 - Izvirni znanstveni članek
• Organizacija: BF - Biotehniška fakulteta
• Status publikacije: Objavljeno
• Različica publikacije: Objavljena publikacija
• Leto izida: 2019
• Št. strani: 21 str.
• Številčenje: Vol. 20, iss. 13, art. 3154
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-132222
• UDK: 577.2
• ISSN pri članku: 1422-0067
• DOI: 10.3390/ijms20133154
• COBISS.SI-ID: 9268089
• Datum objave v RUL: 18.10.2021

Gradivo je del revije

• Naslov: International journal of molecular sciences
• Skrajšan naslov: Int. j. mol. sci.
• Založnik: MDPI
• ISSN: 1422-0067
• COBISS.SI-ID: 2779162

Licence

• Licenca: CC BY 4.0, Creative Commons Priznanje avtorstva 4.0 Mednarodna
• Povezava: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.sl
• Opis: To je standardna licenca Creative Commons, ki daje uporabnikom največ možnosti za nadaljnjo uporabo dela, pri čemer morajo navesti avtorja.
• Začetek licenciranja: 01.07.2019

Sekundarni jezik

• Jezik: Slovenski jezik
• Ključne besede: hmelj, genetika, viroidi, huda viroidna zakrnelost hmelja, izraženost genov, transkriptomska analiza