Vloga športne diplomacije v tajvanski zunanji politiki

Jurič, Jan (avtor), Istenič, Saša (mentor)

Cilji moje diplomske naloge so bili raziskati kakšno vlogo ima športna diplomacija v tajvanski zunanji politiki. Prav tako sem želel pokazati pomen športa v tajvanski zunanji politiki kot enega izmed pomembnih elementov za sklepanje dobrih odnosov z ostalimi državami. Zato sem si postavil tri raziskovalna vprašanja. Prvo se nanaša na to, kakšno vlogo igra športna diplomacija pri vzpostavljanju tajvanskih vezi s tujino. Pri drugem vprašanju me zanima kako se Tajvan skozi športne dejavnosti uveljavlja v mednarodnem prostoru in s kakšnimi težavami se sooča na tej poti. Tretje vprašanje pa je ali Tajvan lahko s pomočjo športne diplomacije doseže svoje zunanje politične cilje. Da bi našel odgovore na to, sem se oprl predvsem na strokovno literaturo in internetne vire. Nato sem skozi več študij primerov analiziral kakšno vlogo pravzaprav ima športna diplomacija in v zaključku odgovoril na raziskovalna vprašanja. Ugotovil sem, da ima šport na Tajvanu že od nekdaj velik političen pomen. Najprej je bil pod vplivom kolonialne Japonske, nato pa še pod vplivom vlade KMT, oboji pa so šport uporabljali kot sredstvo propagande. Pomembna vloga športa se je nato še naprej ohranila in Tajvan je vse od konca kitajske državljanske vojne, ko so se odnosi z vlado LRK močno zaostrili, z izvajanjem negativne športne diplomacije izražal svoje nestrinjanje s prireditelji OI glede uradnega poimenovanja. V 60-ih pa so tajvanske oblasti dosegle simbolično zmago saj so na OI predstavljali celotno ozemlje Kitajske in tako izpolnile svoje politične cilje. Prišel sem do spoznanja, da je Tajvan s pomočjo športne diplomacije v preteklosti že vzpostavil stike z visokimi političnimi predstavniki, ter tako deloma dosegel zunanje politične cilje, navkljub kitajskim pritiskom, kar dokazuje pomembnost vloge športne diplomacije. Kljub velikim prizadevanjem Tajvana, pa je danes vzpostavljanje uradnih diplomatskih stikov s pomočjo športne diplomacije močno oteženo, saj je kitajski pritisk vse večji. Prav tako LRK onemogoča Tajvanu gostovanje velikih mednarodnih športnih dogodkov, saj to obravnava za korak k tajvanski neodvisnosti, čemur pa močno nasprotuje. Težave pa so prisotne tudi na Tajvanu samem, kar je pokazal neuspešen referendum o spremembi uradnega imena Tajvana na mednarodnih tekmovanjih.

• Jezik: Slovenski jezik
• Ključne besede: Tajvan, športna diplomacija, Kitajska, olimpijske igre
• Vrsta gradiva: Diplomsko delo/naloga
• Organizacija: FF - Filozofska fakulteta
• Kraj izida: Ljubljana
• Založnik: [J. Jurič]
• Leto izida: 2021
• Št. strani: 24 str.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-131810
• Datum objave v RUL: 04.10.2021

Sekundarni jezik

• Jezik: Angleški jezik
• Naslov: The role of sports diplomacy in Taiwan's foreign policy

Izvleček

The goals of my dissertation were to explore the role that sports diplomacy plays in Taiwan’s foreign policy. I also wanted to show the importance of sport in Taiwan's foreign policy as one of the important elements for establishing good relations with other countries. So I asked myself three research questions. The first question concerns the role that sports diplomacy plays in establishing Taiwan’s ties with foreign countries. In the second question, I was interested in how Taiwan is gaining ground in the international arena through sports activities and what problems they are facing along the way. The third question is whether Taiwan can achieve its foreign policy goals through sports diplomacy. To find answers to this, I relied primarily on professional literature and internet resources. I then went through several case studies, analyzed what role sports diplomacy actually plays in Taiwan, and answered the three research questions. I have found that sport has always been of great political importance in Taiwan. It was first influenced by colonial Japan, then by the KMT government. Both used sport as a means of propaganda. The important role of sport then continued to be maintained and Taiwan has expressed its disagreement with the organizers of the Olympics regarding the official naming since the end of the Chinese Civil War, when relations with the PRC deteriorated significantly, by implementing negative sports diplomacy. In the 1960s, however, Taiwanese authorities achieved a symbolic victory as they represented the entire territory of China at the Olympics, thus fulfilling their political goals. I have come to the realization that Taiwan has, through sports diplomacy, established contacts with senior political representatives in the past, thus partly achieving foreign policy goals, despite Chinese pressure, proving the importance of the role of sports diplomacy. Despite Taiwan’s great efforts, however, establishing official diplomatic contacts with the help of sports diplomacy is now much more difficult as Chinese pressure grows. The PRC is also preventing Taiwan from hosting major international sporting events, and if those were to happen, the Chinese government would regard them as a step towards Taiwanese independence, which it strongly opposes. Problems are also present in Taiwan itself, as had been shown with an unsuccessful referendum on changing Taiwan's official name at international competitions.

• Ključne besede: Taiwan, sports diplomacy, China, olympic games