Due to the growing global population, food needs are increasing. Demand for food exceeds return, which happens when crop productivity stagnates or slows down. There’s a great potential for primary food shortages by the middle of the century. High use of pesticides, fertilizers and irrigation, which has already led to increased productivity, are largely optimized and are unlikely to generate sufficient returns to meet the demand for more. However, the efficiency of photosynthesis remains a decisive potential for improvements and doubling productivity. Photosynthesis, which has already improved slightly in crops, is a key approach to increase returns. Therefore, it is necessary to accelerate the understanding of the photosynthetic process in a timely manner to allow genetically engineered improvements. The thesis includes scientifically supported findings of possible biotechnological approaches that would improve the photosynthetic efficiency of plants, such as CCM mechanism, increased expression of certain enzymes such as SBP and FBP, incorporation of C4 photosynthetic pathway into C3 plants and adding of glycolate metabolism.
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