This work deals with three anthropological approaches – interpretive and existential anthropology, and the ontological turn. Adherents of all three believe that research based on »pre-theoreticalness« is necessary for »authentic« (non-ethnocentric) treatment of the subject matter. The discussed approaches are also united by the fact that their practitioners in search of the aforementioned »authenticity« and »pre-theoreticalness« also resorted to the auspices of philosophy. Interpretive anthropology found support in hermeneutics, ontological turn in its conceptualization of ontology, and existential anthropology in existentialism and phenomenology. In the text, I try to shed light on the methodological and discursive characteristics that have emerged as a result of philosophical and reflections on »pre-theoreticalness«. At the same time, I point out the problems and inconsistencies that arise in them. At the end of my work, I try to offer a contrasting analysis within the three approaches and their relationship to the world, subject and political field and at least partially answer some questions that will crystallize during the discussion of methodology and discourses.
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