Urogenital mycoplasmas belong to the class Mollicutes and are known to be the smallest self-growing organisms. They have no cell wall and are therefore unique among prokaryotes. Mycoplasma hominis, Ureaplasma parvum, Ureaplasma urealyticum, and Mycoplasma genitalium may cause infections and complications during pregnancy. Virulence factors enable them to enter the amniotic cavity vertically through the intrauterine route. Urogenital mycoplasmas have been found to be the most common microorganisms isolated from the amniotic fluid of women with preterm birth, whose newborns develop bronchopulmonary dysplasia, developmental disorders, and neurological diseases. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is the most commonly-used method for detection of urogenital mycoplasmas. In our master's thesis, we wanted to determine the presence of urogenital mycoplasmas in the amniotic fluid of 118 pregnant women. The study included 51 DNA isolates from the amniotic fluid of healthy pregnant women and 67 samples of the amniotic fluid from pregnant women who had a pathological pregnancy. We isolated the DNA from the amniotic fluid and performed a real-time polymerase chain reaction, whereby we proved the presence of DNA of Ureaplasma urealyticum, Ureaplasma parvum, Mycoplasma hominis, Mycoplasma genitalium, Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and the parasite Trichomonas vaginalis. In our study, we did not demonstrate the presence of urogenital mycoplasmas in the amniotic fluid nor the presence of C. trachomatis, N. gonorrhoeae, or T. vaginalis of both healthy pregnant women and pregnant women with pathological pregnancies.
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