Lung cancer is the leading cause of death among cancers worldwide. It is often a late-detected disease with a poor prognosis. Treatment options depend on several factors, including the type and stage of the cancer. Patients can be treated with chemotherapy, radiotherapy, surgery, and targeted therapy; often, however, treatment is done with a combination of several different therapies. As with other types of cancer, immunotherapy is a new treatment option for lung cancer. The potential of immunotherapy for treatment is being investigated in many clinical studies, and the greatest success has been shown by immune checkpoints inhibitors. While immunotherapy using immune checkpoint inhibitors is already being used in practice, other therapies are still in various stages of development. Among these, antigen-specific vaccines, tumor cell-based vaccines, and the use of adaptive cell therapy and cytokines have shown the greatest potential.
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