In this paper, we examine a wide field of ergonomics in the future and derive the factors that have a significant effect on its development. In the world of globalization, many trends have emerged, such as new technologies, sustainability, corporate social responsibility, global change of work systems, cultural diversity, aging, greater competitiveness, and the need for innovation which significantly shapes needs in the labor market. The purpose of this work was to review future trends, changes in the motivation, and values of future generations and to determine how these factors will affect work and ergonomics consequently. We ascertained that the main task of ergonomics in Industry 4.0 will be to create a human-machine interaction space, adapt jobs for active aging of populations, find ways to provide ergonomic measures to geographically dispersed workers, care for the mental well-being of a rising number of mental workers, and answer the question how technological advances can help in providing ergonomic measures to the workers. Through the literature research, we also wanted to find out how technology will reshape the desired competencies in the labor market and whether new generations will be able to cope with it.
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