Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) is due to its economic importance one of the most common agricultural crops. Manufacturers aim to large and qualitative harvest, they tend to fast vegetative reproduction, which often leads to the transmission of viruses. The key in preventing so can be in vitro virus-free production of planting material such as meristem culture and somatic ambryogenesis in combination with thermotherapy and chemotherapy if needed. Plant tissue is due to its totipotent potential very appropriate and offers good diferentiation and regeneration of isolated meristem tissue. For the determination and identification of the viruses in plant material serological ELISA test can be used based on the antibody and the antigen complex, which refutes or confirms the presence of the virus. ELISA is due to its simplicity and routine kits, which ca be prepared in advance, one of the mostly used tests for virus determination. Molecular PCR method presents more accurate method for virus identification, where specially designed primers can be used or method itself can be performed in more than just one stage, enabling us identification of several viruses.
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