Vpliv pouka v osnovni šoli na znanje ljubljanskih mladostnikov o evoluciji človeka in predlogi za izboljšave

Tomšič, Maja (avtor), Strgar, Jelka (mentor)

V osnovni šoli se pri biologiji učenci z evolucijo človeka srečajo šele v zadnjem letu, pri tem pa je v učnem načrtu za biologijo samo en učni cilj, ki je povezan z evolucijo človeka. V teoretičnem delu smo znanje o evoluciji človeka in odnos do evolucijske teorije povezali z učnimi cilji, ki so v osnovnošolskih učnih načrtih pri predmetih biologije, naravoslovja, spoznavanja okolja, naravoslovja in tehnike, zgodovine in geografije. S temo se učenci srečajo že pri zgodovini pred obravnavanjem pri biologiji, zato je pomembno, da učitelji naredimo čim več medpredmetnih povezav, saj učencem pokažejo širšo sliko in teme vpeljejo v njihovo življenje. Predstavili smo problematiko, s katero se srečujemo pri poučevanju evolucije človeka, kot so napačne predstave o evoluciji človeka. V empiričnem delu smo pregledali in analizirali učbenike predmetov biologija, zgodovina in geografija. Nato smo z učenci dveh osnovnih in ene srednje šole izvedli kvantitativno raziskavo, uporabili smo spletni vprašalnik, ki je vseboval testni in anketni del. Rezultate smo interpretirali in povezali z ugotovitvami iz literature. Cilj naše raziskave je bil ugotoviti, kakšno je znanje učencev 8. in 9. razreda osnovne šole in dijakov 1. letnika srednje šole v Ljubljani o evoluciji človeka. Sodelovalo je 205 učencev. Učenci in dijaki so pokazali, da njihovo znanje in razumevanje evolucije človeka ni zadovoljivo, saj so pri vprašanjih povprečno dosegli 59,1 % uspešnosti. Ugotovili smo, da je znanje srednješolcev po obravnavanju evolucije človeka v 9. razredu boljše kot pred obravnavo snovi. Zanimalo nas je tudi, ali si učenci želijo, da bi o evoluciji človeka v šoli izvedeli več. Ugotovili smo, da si večinoma učenci to želijo in jih ta tema tudi zanima. Glede zanimanja za evolucijo človeka so bile opazne razlike med dečki in deklicami, saj so dečki pokazali več zanimanja. Ugotovili smo, da je spletni vprašalnik v celoti rešilo več deklic kot dečkov, kar se nam je zdelo zanimivo. Oblikovali smo tudi nekaj predlogov za poučevanje evolucije človeka na bolj poglobljen in zanimiv način, pri čemer smo vključili obisk muzejev in družabno igro, naš izdelek pa sta dve učni pripravi, ena za preprečevanje napačnih predstav in druga, ki vključuje medpredmetne povezave biologije z geografijo in zgodovino.

• Jezik: Slovenski jezik
• Ključne besede: pouk biologije
• Vrsta gradiva: Magistrsko delo/naloga
• Tipologija: 2.09 - Magistrsko delo
• Organizacija: PEF - Pedagoška fakulteta
• Leto izida: 2020
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-117747
• COBISS.SI-ID: 23264771
• Datum objave v RUL: 24.07.2020

Sekundarni jezik

• Jezik: Angleški jezik
• Naslov: Primary teaching impact on the knowledge on human evolution of Ljubljana adolescents and improvement proposals

Izvleček

In primary school, children don't learn about human evolution in biology until the ninth grade, while in the curriculum for biology, there is just one goal that is directly connected with human evolution. In the theoretic part, we connected knowledge of human evolution and relation to the evolution theory with learning goals that are in the primary school curriculum of subjects: biology, natural science, nature studies, natural science and technology, history, and geography. Children learn about human evolution in history class before they learn it in biology class. It is therefore important that teachers make a lot of connections between different subjects to help children see the bigger picture and the importance of the subject for their life. We also analyzed different textbooks of biology, history, and geography. We presented problems that we encounter while teaching human evolution, such as misconceptions about the subject, the omission of the subject by teachers, and the conflict between science and religions about the theory of evolution. In the empirical part, we made studies with children from two primary schools and one high school. We used quantitative research. We made and used an online survey which consisted of a part where we tested their knowledge and a part where they shared their opinion on human evolution. With our research, we tried to figure out how good is the knowledge of students of the 8th and 9th grades of primary school, and the 1st grade of high school. Together there were 205 participants. Students showed their knowledge is not adequate, as their average success when answering the questions was 59,1 %. We found out that high school students have better knowledge than primary school students after they had lessons of human evolution in the 9th grade. We were interested if students want to know more about evolution and if they think we should talk about it more in school. We found out that the majority of them do want that and that they think that human evolution is interesting. Interest in human evolution depended on gender. Boys have better knowledge on the subject than girls and there were more girls that wanted to participate in online research. We made proposals for teaching human evolution in a deeper and more interesting way. We introduced the idea of visiting museums, board games, etc. Our end products are two teaching preparations, one of them to prevent misconceptions, and the second one that includes the connection of biology with history and geography.

• Ključne besede: biology class