In my diploma thesis I researched the possibilities of how we can have preventive influence on a child’s personal development, especially in the field of preschool education (in kindergarten). In order to facilitate understanding of psychiatric illnesses and diseases such as neuroses and psychoses, in the first part I briefly present the theoretical background of libidinal types of personality according to Sigmund Freud and clinical structures of mental functioning according to Jacques Lacan. On this basis, I ask a research question: What are the undesired phenomena that may occur in the psychological development of children and what are the possible consequences of inappropriate upbringing and development of the child in the adult life? In some cases, I have also described such (extreme) consequences. In the second part, based on the study of selected literature, I designed and described preventive actions in a child’s personal development, which can prevent the most serious diseases of neuroses and psychoses. I focused on preschool teachers and kindergarten education staff and what their options are for preventive action with a child, how they can recognize when a child is developing in an undesirable direction and how to re-direct such development into a direction of desirable behavior. Just as there is no perfect upbringing, there is no perfect way to prevent the worst forms of neuroses and psychoses, but prevention can greatly contribute to more desirable development of a child’s personality and help them to live a life of better quality in childhood as well as adulthood. Preschool teachers spend a lot of time with children, and it is important that we also know how to act preventively, thus eliminating not only the problems the child is facing, but also improving our stay with children as preschool teachers and their stay with their families or loved ones.
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