Dojenje pri HIV pozitivnih materah : diplomsko delo

Vozel, Sabina (avtor), Vettorazzi, Renata (mentor)

Uvod: Dojenje je najbolj naraven in idealen način hranjenja dojenčka, obenem pa zagotavlja optimalno zaščito pred različnimi boleznimi in okužbami. Dojenje je pomembna pot vzpostavljanja in negovanja odnosa med materjo in njenim otrokom. Namen: Predstaviti priporočila za izključno dojenje pri HIV pozitivnih materah in predstaviti opisne možnosti prenosa virusa HIV iz matere na otroka med dojenjem. Metode dela: Uporabljena je bila deskriptivna metoda dela s pregledom literature v slovenskem in angleškem jeziku. Obdobje iskanja literature je potekalo od decembra 2017 do maja 2018. Literatura je bila iskana s pomočjo bibliografskih podatkovnih baz CINAHL, Cochraine Library, Web of Science in SAGE Journals Online in COBIB.SI. Rezultati: Pri zdravljenih HIV pozitivnih materah v nerazvitem svetu, WHO svetuje izključno dojenje prvih 6 mesecev življenja. Matere, ki izključno dojijo prvih 6 mesecev po porodu naj bi za 3-4 x zmanjšale verjetnost prenosa okužbe na otroka, kot ne doječe matere. Izključno dojenje je varnejše kot mešano hranjenje, tudi takrat, ko se HIV pozitivne matere ne zdravijo. Medicinska sestra je ena prvih oseb, ki po porodu vzpostavi stik z doječo materjo in njenim otrokom in ima pomembno vlogo pri vzpostavitvi dojenja in pred tem pri odločitvi, da se dojenje sploh vzpostavi. Razprava in zaključek: Ženske, ki, se ne odločijo izključno dojiti, so s strani družbe lahko kritizirane in posledično izločene. Prav tako jih označijo s stigmo okuženih mater . Največ HIV pozitivnih mater se odloči za 6 mesecev in več trajajoče izključno dojenje v prid njihovim dojenčkom, kar ugodno vpliva na zmanjšanje črevesnih okužb in s tem povezanih diarej pri dojenčkih. Medicinske sestre načeloma svetujejo izključno dojenje ne glede na status HIV, četudi same tega iz etičnih in drugih razlogov ne odobravajo. Medicinske sestre in babice imajo ključno vlogo pri informiranju nosečnic glede dojenja in so prve, ki lahko materam ponudijo roko v pomoč in ramo v oporo.

• Jezik: Slovenski jezik
• Ključne besede: izključno dojenje, HIV, medicinska sestra
• Vrsta gradiva: Diplomsko delo/naloga
• Organizacija: ZF - Zdravstvena fakulteta
• Leto izida: 2019
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-111891
• COBISS.SI-ID: 5711467
• Datum objave v RUL: 17.10.2019

Sekundarni jezik

• Jezik: Angleški jezik
• Naslov: Breastfeeding in HIV positive mothers : diploma work

Izvleček

Introduction: Breastfeeding is the most natural and ideal way of feeding an infant, at the same time provides optimal protection from different diseases and infections. Breastfeeding is important way of establishing and nursing the relationship, between mother and her child. Purpose: To present credentials of exclusively breastfeeding of HIV positive mothers and to present a descriptive possibility of transfering HIV virus from mother to the child. Methods: The descriptive method of work has been used with examination literature in slovenian and english language. The period of researching was from December 2017 untill May 2018. Literature was researched with the help of bibliographic database CINAHL, Cochraine Library, Web of Science and SAGE Journals in COBIB.si. Results: For HIV treated positive mothers in the underdeveloped world, WHO advises exclusively breastfeeding for the first 6 months of life. Mothers who exclusively breastfeed for the first 6 months after childbirth are expected to reduce the likelihood of transmission of the infection to the baby by non-breastfeeding mothers by 3-4 x. Exclusive breastfeeding is safer than mixed feeding, even when HIV positive mothers are not being treated. Nurse is one of the first persons, who after the labour is in touch with a breasfeeding mother and her infant and is important at establishing breasfeeding. Discusion and conclusion: Women, who are decided that will not exclusively breasfed, are often criticised from the society and consequently eliminated, They are also labeled with a stigma of infected mothers. Most HIV positive mother decides for an option of breastfeeding her infants for six and more months in favour of their infants, which is good for decreasing the chance of intestines infection and with that connected diareas. In principle, nurses advice breastfeeding regardles of the HIV status, even though some of them are not approving that because of ethical and other reasons. Nurses and midwifes have vital part in informing pregnant women about breastfeeding and are first, who can help mothers and offer support.

• Ključne besede: exclusive breastfeeding, HIV, nurse