Izobraževanje o spolnosti v lahkem branju za mladostnike z zmerno motnjo v duševnem razvoju

Gašper, Janja (avtor), Žgur, Erna (mentor)

V strokovni literaturi zasledimo, da je spolni razvoj mladostnikov z zmernimi motnjami v duševnem razvoju (v nadaljevanju ZMDR) pomemben del odraščanja, njihova temeljna potreba in pravica, ki predstavlja ključ do obogatitve kvalitete življenja. V širšem družbenem krogu je še vedno tabu tema, prežeta s predsodki in stereotipi, da zaradi intelektualnega primanjkljaja ne razmišljajo o sebi in svojem telesu, nimajo čustev, želja in potreb po intimni bližini. Temu ni tako, v spolnem dozorevanju se ne razlikujejo od vrstnikov značilnega razvoja. Številni avtorji ugotavljajo, da so jim informacije o spolnosti pogosto nedostopne, predstavljene so jim prezahtevno in nerazumljivo, imajo manj možnosti do spolnega izobraževanja in podpore pri zagotavljanju potreb in pravic s tega področja, posledično so bolj ranljivi in pogosteje spolno zlorabljeni. V teoretičnem delu smo predstavili značilnosti mladostnikov z ZMDR, osredotočili smo se na zgodovinski pregled odzivov na spolnost mladostnikov z ZMDR, opisali njihov spolni razvoj in oblike spolnega vedenja, opredelili pravico do spolnosti ter izpostavili, kakšna stališča imajo do njihove spolnosti starši, strokovni delavci in širša družba. Podrobneje smo predstavili umeščenost spolne vzgoje v posebni program vzgoje in izobraževanja, opredelili cilje predmetnega področja Intimno življenje in spolnost ter opisali metodo lahkega branja, ki smo jo vpeljali v empiričnem delu. Predstavili smo značilnosti metode lahkega branja, slovenska pravila za pripravo lahko berljivih in razumljivih besedil ter bralne stopnje lahkega branja za odrasle bralce. V empiričnem delu smo predstavili študijo primera. V vzorec je bilo vključenih deset mladostnikov z ZMDR, starih od 14 do 21 let, vključenih na 3., 4. in 5. stopnjo posebnega programa vzgoje in izobraževanja. Izvedli smo štiritedensko izobraževanje o spolnosti z uporabo besedil v lahkem branju v štirih knjižicah: Življenje ženske, Življenje moškega, Ljubezen, seks in jaz ter Spolno nasilje. Primerjali smo raven znanja pred in po izobraževanju o spolnosti z metodo lahkega branja, tekom izobraževanja smo opazovali in analizirali bralno motivacijo bralcev različnih bralnih stopenj in ugotavljali, ali se bo z metodo lahkega branja povečalo znanje in zapomnitev vsebin o izbrani tematiki. Rezultati raziskave so pokazali, da je učenje z metodo lahkega branja učinkovito, povečalo se je znanje mladostnikov s področja spolnosti. Najbolj so bili motivirani za gledanje slikovnega gradiva izbranih vsebin, sledi poslušanje prebranega in branje knjižic v lahkem branju.

• Jezik: Slovenski jezik
• Ključne besede: spolnost
• Vrsta gradiva: Magistrsko delo/naloga
• Tipologija: 2.09 - Magistrsko delo
• Organizacija: PEF - Pedagoška fakulteta
• Leto izida: 2019
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-110940
• COBISS.SI-ID: 12592969
• Datum objave v RUL: 23.09.2019

Sekundarni jezik

• Jezik: Angleški jezik
• Naslov: Sexual education in easy-to-read texts for young peoplewith moderate intellectual disability

Izvleček

In the literature we find that the sexual development of adolescents with moderate intellectual disability (hereinafter referred to as moderate ID) is an important part of growing up, their basic need and the right, that is the key to enriching the quality of life. In the wider social circle, it is still a taboo subject, laced with prejudice and stereotypes that, due to the intellectual deficit, they do not think about themselves and their bodies, they have no feelings, desires and needs for an intimate closeness. This is not the case; in sexual maturation, they do not differ from peers of characteristic development. Many authors find that sexual information is often inaccessible to them, presented to them too demandingly and incomprehensibly, they have fewer opportunities for sexual education and support in providing for needs and rights in this field, and consequently they are more vulnerable and more often sexually abused. In the theoretical part, we presented the characteristics of moderate ID. We focused on the historical overview of the responses to the sexuality of adolescents with moderate ID, described their sexual development and forms of sexual behaviour, defined the right to sexuality, and highlighted the views of their parents, professionals and the wider society. We presented in greater detail the position of sexual education in the special education program, defined the objectives of the subject area Intimate Life and Sexuality and described the easy-to-read method that we introduced in the empirical part. We presented the characteristics of the easy-to-read method, the Slovenian rules for the preparation of easy-to-read and comprehensible texts, and the reading levels of easy-to-read for adult readers. In the empirical part we presented a case study. The sample included ten adolescents with moderate ID aged 14 to 21, included in the 3rd, 4th and 5th levels of the special education program. We conducted a four week sex education using the easy-to-read texts in four booklets: Life of a Woman, Life of a Man, Love, Sex and Me, and Sexual Violence. We compared the level of knowledge before and after the education about sexuality with easy-to-read method, during the course of education we observed and analyzed reading motivation of readers at various reading levels and determined whether the easy-to-read method will increase the knowledge and whether they will remember the contents of the selected topic. The results of the research have shown that learning with the easy-to-read method is effective, and the knowledge of adolescents in the field of sexuality has increased. They were most motivated to watch the images of selected content, followed by listening to read and reading booklets in the easy-to-read mode.

• Ključne besede: sexuality