Vpliv enomesečne vzdržljivostne vadbe na kinetiko privzema kisika (VO2) : magistrsko delo

Valič, Aljaž (avtor), Ušaj, Anton (mentor)

Ena izmed pomembnejših funkcij fiziološkega sistema je sposobnost hitrega odziva na stres. Hitrejša kot je transformacija energije za potrebe mišičnih kontrakcij, ki izhaja iz aerobnih virov, manjša bo odvisnost od anaerobnih mehanizmov, ki so pomemben faktor pri nastanku utrujenosti (Hepple, 2002; Westerblad, Allen in Lannergren, 2002). Počasnejša dinamika privzema kisika pa pomeni večjo porabo znotraj mišičnih visoko energijskih fosfatov in posledično veliko kopičenje njihovih produktov (Jones in Koppo, 2005). Magistrska naloga prikazuje opazovanje prilagoditev pri vzdržljivostni vadbi. Tekom vadbenega obdobja smo se dnevno osredotočali na trenutek prve spremembe in na časovni potek sprememb. Te prilagoditve smo opazovali z določanjem hitrosti kinetike privzema kisika v drugi fazi - tau (τ) in z merjenjem privzema kisika (Vo2) pri konstantni absolutni obremenitvi. Prilagoditve smo spremljali s sprotnim beleženjem srčnega utripa (FS) in časa, doseženega pri teku na 2000 m, ki je prestavljal trening. V raziskavi je sodelovalo 16 študentov Fakultete za šport, ki se niso sistematično ukvarjali z vzdržljivostnim športom. V poskusno skupino (EXP) je bilo vključenih 9 ljudi, v kontrolno skupino (KON) pa 5 preiskovancev. Vsakemu posamezniku smo na podlagi začetnega testa na 2000 m izračunali tempo teka za potrebe laboratorijskih meritev na tekaškem ergometru. Opravili smo meritve privzema kisika pri izračunanemu tempu teka 2x 1000 m. Vsak posameznik je nato sam izvajal vadbo (tek 5x tedensko na 2000 m). Ko smo opazili prve spremembe (znižanje SF ali zmanjšanje časa teka na 2000 m), smo ponovno opravili laboratorijski test pri enakih hitrosti kot na začetku. Po dvajsetih vadbenih enotah smo opravili še zadnji laboratorijski test pri enaki hitrosti teka kot na začetku. Ugotovimo, da so prve spremembe vidne že po sedmih vadbenih enotah, pri nekaterih že prej. Vadba teka na 2000 m, 5x tedensko, je izboljšala ekonomičnost teka (zmanjšanje Vo2 glede prvo testiranje za 8,1 %) in se do zadnje vadbene enote ni več spremenila. Τ se po prvem testiranju ni bistveno spremenila, in je ostala nespremenjena do konca poskusa. Sklepamo, da štiri tedenska, srednje trajajoča vadba kontinuiranega teka visoke intenzivnosti, izboljša ekonomičnost teka že zgodaj v trenažnem procesu (po 7 zaporednih vadbenih enotah oz. v 2 tednih). Ekonomičnost teka se odraža v zmanjšanju privzema kisika. Sprememb pri τ nismo zaznali.

• Jezik: Slovenski jezik
• Ključne besede: Kinetika privzema kisika, vzdržljivost, vadba, fiziologija, prilagoditev, VO2.
• Vrsta gradiva: Magistrsko delo/naloga
• Tipologija: 2.09 - Magistrsko delo
• Organizacija: FŠ - Fakulteta za šport
• Leto izida: 2018
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-102901
• COBISS.SI-ID: 5407153
• Datum objave v RUL: 12.09.2018

Sekundarni jezik

• Jezik: Angleški jezik
• Naslov: Effect of one month endurance training on oxygen uptake kinetics (VO2)

Izvleček

One of the most important function of the physiological system is the rapid response on stress. The greater is the energy transformation for muscular contraction, which results from aerobic sources, the lesser is dependence on anaerobic mechanisms, which are an important factor in the onset of fatigue (Hepple, 2002; Westerblad, Allen, and Lannergren, 2002). Slower kinetics of oxygen uptake (Vo2), means higher consumption of intramuscular energy phosphates and consequently larger accumulation of their byproducts (Jones and Koppo, 2005). In this master's thesis we observed and described the adaptations in endurance exercise. During the training period, we have focused on the moment of the first adaptation and on development of changes in time, on daily basis. Those adaptations were observed by determining the second phase of Vo2 kinetics – tau (τ) and with measurements of Vo2 at the absolute constant load. Adaptations were monitored by recording of heart rate (FS) and time, achieved in 2000 m run, which was considered as training. 16 students of the Faculty of Sports Ljubljana, who weren't systematically endurance trained, took part in the study. 9 subjects were selected as experimental group (EXP) and 5 as control group (KON). Each subject performed an initial test (2000 m run), which was used to determine the velocity for each subject for later laboratory treadmill testing (2x 1000 m run ). The subjects were tested for Vo2, at constant velocity. After testing, each individual performed training, (2000 m run, 5 times a week). When we noticed first changes (reduction in heart rate (Hr) or reduction in time in 2000 m run), we again performed the laboratory testing at the same absolute constant velocity. After twenty training units (the last training counted as a field test), the last laboratory test was performed, again at the same absolute constant speed. We have found, that the first changes are visible after seven training units (even earlier for some subjects). Running 2000 m, 5 times a week, improved the economy of running (reduction in Vo2 compared to the first test by 8.1%) and did not change significantly until the last unit of exercise. Phase 2 τ did not change significantly according to the initial testing, when reduction in Vo2 was observed, and also remained unchanged till the last testing. We conclude, that mid distance high intensity endurance training in duration of four weeks, improves the economy of running early in training perion (after 7 consecutive training units, respectively 2 weeks). Improved economy of training is reflected in reduction in Vo2, while no changes in τ were found.

• Ključne besede: Oxygen uptake kinetics, endurance, training, physiology, adaptation, Vo2.