Zbirka poskusov za ugotavljanje pristopov učencev k reševanju naravoslovnih problemov

Ančimer Aljaž, Katarina (avtor), Čepič, Mojca (mentor), Juriševič, Mojca (komentor)

Učitelj mora poleg poznavanja obravnavane teme in metod poučevanja poznati tudi pristope učencev pri reševanju naravoslovnih problemov. V Sloveniji na področju naravoslovja spremljanje učenčevih pristopov pri reševanju naravoslovnih problemov še ni bilo sistematično poučevano. Prav tako še ni razvito sistematično prepoznavanje nadarjenih učencev na naravoslovnem področju. Zato sem v sklopu magistrskega dela oblikovala zbirko poskusov, ki učencem omogoča aktivno učenje fizikalnih konceptov ob izvajanju fizikalnih poskusov s strani učitelja, učiteljem pa omogoča spremljanje učenčevih pristopov pri reševanju naravoslovnih problemov in morebitno prepoznavanje nadarjenih učencev na naravoslovnem področju. V teoretičnem delu so opisane značilnosti naravoslovja, opredeljena sta naravoslovno znanje in naravoslovna pismenost ter opisani so naravoslovni postopki v povezavi z učnimi načrti naravoslovnih predmetov. Nato so navedene značilnosti nadarjenih učencev, ki so osredotočene predvsem na nadarjene učence na naravoslovnem področju. V eksperimentalnem delu je najprej podrobno opredeljen namen zbirke poskusov. V nadaljevanju so podani kriteriji za izbor tematike poskusov in povezava poskusov s vsebinami iz učnih načrtov. Izbrani so trije sklopi poskusov s področja hidrostatičnega tlaka in pretakanja tekočin. Meritve z razlagami omogočajo kvantizirano spremljanje ozadja fizikalnih pojavov, ki jih učenci opisujejo na semi kvantitativnem nivoju. Za izbrane sklope poskusov so podana tudi natančna navodila za izvedbo. V empiričnem delu sem ob poskusih oblikovala preliminarni protokol in tako spremljala dijakovo ustreznost napovedi rezultatov poskusov in pripadajoče razlage, uporabo znanja, morebitno pojavljanje kognitivnega konflikta, prenos znanja v nove situacije, uporabo fizikalnih konceptov in znanstvenega jezika. Preliminarni protokol sem uporabila v preliminarni študiji in tako preverila ustreznost izbrane teme, fizikalnih poskusov in pripadajočih vprašanj, pojav kognitivnega konflikta, smiselnost vključenosti dodatnih nalog in drugo. Spoznanja so bila uporabljena za oblikovanje protokola za zbirko poskusov.

• Jezik: Slovenski jezik
• Ključne besede: naravoslovje
• Vrsta gradiva: Magistrsko delo/naloga
• Tipologija: 2.09 - Magistrsko delo
• Organizacija: PEF - Pedagoška fakulteta
• Leto izida: 2018
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-100158
• COBISS.SI-ID: 11941705
• Datum objave v RUL: 12.03.2018

Sekundarni jezik

• Jezik: Angleški jezik
• Naslov: Set of experiments for inquiry of student's approaches to science problem

Izvleček

In addition to knowing the subject and methods of teaching, a teacher should also recognize the approaches of elementary school students to solving natural science problems. In Slovenia, the monitoring of students' approaches to solving natural science problems has not yet been systematically taught as far as natural sciences are concerned. Moreover, no systematic identification of students potentially talented for natural sciences has been developed. A lack of proper approaches in these aspects has led to the development of this master's thesis. As a part of the thesis research, a set of experiments was designed enabling students to actively learn physical concepts while their teacher conducts physical experiments. At the same time, this enables the teacher to monitor students' approaches to solving natural science problems and possibly recognise the students talented for natural sciences. In the theoretical part of this thesis, the characteristics of science are described, natural science and natural science literacy are defined, and natural science-related processes in connection with the curricula of natural science subjects are specified. A description of talented students' characteristics is also given, focusing primarily on the students talented for natural sciences. In the experimental part, the purpose of the experiment set is first laid out in detail. The criteria applied during the experiment selection are then specified along with the relation between the designed experiments and the subjects from the curricula. Three sets of experiments in the field of hydrostatic pressure and fluid flow have been selected. Measurements with explanations make it possible to quantitatively monitor the background of physical phenomena that students describe on a semi-quantitative level. Detailed instructions on how to carry out selected experiment sets are also given. In the empirical part, an attempt is made to formulate a preliminary protocol to monitor the student's success in providing correct forecasts of experiment results and related explanations, the use of knowledge, any occurrence of cognitive conflicts, the application of knowledge in new situations, and the use of physical concepts and scientific language. This preliminary protocol has been used in a preliminary study to verify the suitability of the selected subject, physical experiments and related issues, the occurrence of cognitive conflict, the rationale of involving additional tasks, etc. The findings have been used to design a protocol for the set of experiments.

• Ključne besede: natural sciences