Vloga medicinskih sester pri izboljšanju precepljenosti otrok in mladostnikov : pregled literature

Kajtezović, Alma (author), Milavec Kapun, Marija (mentor), Kvas, Andreja (co-mentor)

Uvod: Cepljenje je po navedbah strokovnjakov eden izmed največjih dosežkov na področju javnega zdravja. Zaradi precepljenosti in nenehnega razvoja cepiv se je umrljivost na svetu zmanjšala. Z doseganjem zadostne precepljenosti populacije omejimo širjenje nalezljivih bolezni, tako je zagotovljeno varnejše okolje za ljudi, ki se zaradi kontraindikacij ne smejo cepiti. Program cepljenja se izvaja skozi celo leto. Najpogosteje cepimo otroke in mladostnike na sistematskih pregledih. Medicinske sestre so pomembne članice zdravstvenega tima, ki skrbijo za kakovostno preventivno zdravstveno oskrbo otrok in mladostnikov. Namen: Na osnovi pregleda literature smo želeli predstaviti uspešne intervencije medicinskih sester pri povečanju precepljenosti prebivalstva ter izpostaviti razloge, zaradi katerih starši opuščajo cepljenje otrok in mladostnikov. Metode dela: Uporabljena je bila deskriptivna metoda dela. Narejen je bil pregled strokovne in znanstvene literature, ki smo jo iskali s pomočjo podatkovnih zbirk, spletnih brskalnikov ter v knjižnicah. V analizo smo vključili literaturo iz obdobja od leta 2006 do leta 2017. Pridobili smo 2065 člankov, od tega smo jih za analizo uporabili 9. Rezultati: Razlogi, zaradi katerih starši odlašajo pri cepljenju svojih otrok, so nastali zaradi vpliva posameznika ali družbe, problematike, povezane s cepljenjem in cepivi. Za povečanje precepljenosti prebivalstva so bile izpostavljene uspešne intervencije, in sicer učenje in informiranje, opomnik in ponoven klic ter ustrezna administrativna uporaba elektronskega registra cepljenih oseb. Razprava in zaključek: Strah pred cepljenjem narašča zaradi širjenja nepreverjenih informacij. Starši dvomijo o učinkih cepiv in mislijo, da cepljenje škoduje zdravju. Cepljenje se pogosto povezuje z nastankom različnih bolezni, katerih vzroka ne poznamo. Medicinske sestre sodelujejo pri posredovanju kakovostnih ter preverjenih informacij. Pomembno je ustvariti zaupanje med medicinskimi sestrami in starši ter njihovimi otroki oz. mladostniki. Zagotoviti je potrebno nenehno izpopolnjevanje in usposabljanje za zaposlene medicinske sestre, da bodo znale posredovati najnovejše informacije in znanje o pomenu cepljenja otrok.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: program cepljenja, promocija zdravja, nesodelovanje staršev, zdravstvena nega
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Organization: ZF - Faculty of Health Sciences
• Year: 2018
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-99777
• COBISS.SI-ID: 5394027
• Publication date in RUL: 15.02.2018

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: The role of nurses concerning the immprovement of the vaccination rate of children and adolescents : literature review

Abstract

Introduction: According to the experts, vaccination is one of the most important achievements in the area of the public health. Mortality rates have significantly decreased throughout the world due to the vaccination and constant development of the vaccines. With reaching sufficient levels of vaccination, we are limiting the spread of the contagious diseases and, in that way, ensuring a safe environment for those who, due to contraindications, may need to avoid vaccinations. The immunization schedules are applied through the entire year. Children and adolescents are typically vaccinated during the annual health examination. Nurses are important members of the health care team that perform quality health care of children and adolescents. Purpose: Our aim was to present successful interventions, done by the nurses, which can increase population´s vaccination and to emphasize the reasons for which the parents refuse to vaccinate children and adolescents. Methods: During the process of writing, we have used descriptive methods. We have overviewed the primary and the secondary literature. We have searched for the literature in the electronic collections, web browsers and in the libraries. We have limited the publishing period of the articles between the years 2006 – 2017. We have searched for the articles written in Slovenian and English languages, and the ones whose entire content was accessible in a full extent. We gained 2065 articles in analysis we used 9 of them. Results: The reasons for parents delaying the vaccination of their children occurred due to the individual or society influence, issues related to the vaccination and vaccines. Behind the increase of population´s vaccination were successful interventions, particularly education and informing, reminder and recall, and the proper administrative use of the immunization information systems. Discussion and conclusion: Fear of vaccination increases due to the spread of unproven or false information. Parents usually have doubts concerning side effects of the vaccines and they believe that vaccination is harmful. Vaccination is often associated with the occurrence of different diseases, the cause of which is unknown. Nurses take part in forwarding quality and verified information. It is important to build trust between nurses and parents and their children or adolescents. It is important to provide qualified professionals, who will continue to educate themselves.

• Keywords: vaccination program, health promotion, hesitation of parents, nursing