Pojavnost mišično-kostnih okvar pri glasbenikih in glasbenicah : pregled literature

Živic, Živa (avtor), Hlebš, Sonja (mentor)

Uvod: Mišično-kostne okvare, na katere vpliva oziroma jih povzroča igranje inštrumenta, imenujemo z igranjem povezane mišično-kostne okvare. Zaradi delovnega okolja in prisilne drže, ki jo morajo poklicni glasbeniki vsak dan zadrževati tudi več ur, so mišično-kostne okvare pogost pojav. Povzročajo lahko bolečine, nezmožnost opravljanja svojega dela na najvišji ravni in celo prenehanje dela. Namen: Namen dela je pregledati objavljene rezultate raziskav o pojavnosti in dejavnikih tveganja za mišično-kostne okvare med glasbeniki in glasbenicami ter načine za njihovo preprečevanje. Metode dela: V pregled literature so bila vključena prosto dostopna polna besedila raziskav o pojavnosti in dejavnikih tveganja za mišično-kostne okvare med poklicnimi glasbeniki simfoničnih orkestrov, objavljena od leta 2000. Literaturo smo iskali v podatkovnih zbirkah PubMed, CINAHL, PEDro. Uporabljene ključne besede so bile musculoskeletal disease AND musician, musician AND risk factor AND musculoskeletal problems Rezultati: Iskanje literature je podalo 494 zadetkov, 6 od teh je bilo vključenih v analizo. Vse raziskave so bile pregledne presečne. Pojavljale so se razlike v definiciji z igranjem povezanih mišično-kostnih okvar, merilnih orodjih, časovnem okviru pojavnosti in podajanju podatkov o izidih raziskav. V raziskavah je sodelovalo 1645 preiskovancev. Pojavnost okvar med glasbeniki v zadnjem letu je bila 83–97 %, kadarkoli v življenju pa 84–89,5 %. Najpogosteje prizadeti predeli so bili vrat, ramena, zgornji del hrbta in križ. Med ženskami in godalci so se pogosteje pojavljale mišično-kostne okvare. Drugi dejavniki tveganja so bili biomehanski dejavniki (ekstremna telesna drža, pretirana mišična aktivacija, ponavljajoči se gibi, statično in dinamično breme), zaznano fizično okolje (glasnost zvoka, temperatura, vlažnost, prezračenost in osvetljenost koncertnih prostorov ter prostorov za vadbo), veliko ur igranja na inštrument, težnja po somatiziranju, trema pred nastopanjem in depresija. Razprava in sklep: Z igranjem povezane mišično-kostne okvare imajo med glasbeniki visoko pojavnost. Zaradi strahu, da bi izgubili spoštovanje kolegov in delovno mesto, jih prizadeti pogosto zamolčijo. Potrebne so dodatne visokokvalitetne raziskave, v katerih bi vsi avtorji uporabili enako definicijo z igranjem povezanih mišično-kostnih okvar in enaka standardizirana merilna orodja.

• Jezik: Slovenski jezik
• Ključne besede: mišično-kostne okvare, bolečina, poklicni glasbeniki, dejavniki tveganja, pojavnost
• Vrsta gradiva: Diplomsko delo/naloga
• Organizacija: ZF - Zdravstvena fakulteta
• Leto izida: 2018
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-99349
• COBISS.SI-ID: 5387883
• Datum objave v RUL: 18.01.2018

Sekundarni jezik

• Jezik: Angleški jezik
• Naslov: Incidence of musculoskeletal disorders in musicians : literature review

Izvleček

Introduction: Musculoskeletal disorders that are affected or caused by playing an instrument are addressed as playing-related musculoskeletal disorders. Musculoskeletal disorders are common phenomenon among musicians due to their working environment and forced body postures they have to retain every day for up to several hours. They can cause pain, inability to perform on maximum level and even termination of work. Purpose: The aim of this diploma was to review published results of studies that investigated incidence and risk factors for musculoskeletal disorders among musicians and to determine ways of preventing them. Methods: Studies investigating incidence and risk factors for musculoskeletal disorders among professional musicians employed in symphonic orchestra which were published from year 2000 onwards and with access to full text were included in this review. Literature was searched in databases PubMed, CINAHL and PEDro. Keywords used in literature search were musculoskeletal disease AND musician, musician AND risk factor AND musculoskeletal problems. Results: The initial literature search strategy resulted in 494 hits, six of which were included in analysis. All studies were cross-sectional. Differences in definitions of playing-related musculoskeletal disorders, measuring tools, time frame of incidence and presentation of results were present in studies. Total number of participants included in all studies was 1645. Year prevalence of disorders among musicians ranged between 83–97 % and life prevalence ranged between 84–89,5 %. Most common pain regions were neck, shoulders, upper back and lower back. Women and string players had higher incidence of musculoskeletal disorders. Other risk factors were biomechanical factors (extreme body postures, excessive muscle activation, repetitive movements, static and dynamic loading), perceived physical environment (sound intensity, temperature, humidity, ventilation and illumination in the concert and rehearsal halls), many playing hours, somatizing tendency, performance anxiety and depression. Discussion and conclusion: Playing-related musculoskeletal disorders have high prevalence among musicians. They often conceal them, fearing that they might lose the appraisal of their colleagues and their job. There is need for more high quality studies in which all authors would use the same definition of playing-related musculoskeletal disorders and same measuring tools.

• Ključne besede: musculoskeletal disorders, pain, professional musicians, risk factors, incidence