Struktura odrivne moči smučarjev skakalcev pri odskoku na mestu : diplomsko delo

Vodan, Gašper (avtor), Jošt, Bojan (mentor)

Namen raziskave je bil ugotoviti povezanost med spremenljivkami odriva smučarja skakalca na skakalnici in spremenljivkami odriva smučarja skakalca pri imitaciji odskoka. Poleg tega se je proučila tudi struktura odrivne moči smučarjev skakalcev v počepu. Raziskava je bila izvedena v maju 2017 na vzorcu 18 slovenskih tekmovalcev. Ti so bili glede na rezultate v prejšnji sezoni različno uspešni. V vzorcu merjencev so bila tudi 4 dekleta. Meritve so bile izvedene s pomočjo tenziometrične plošče (SP sport MP4-1, Avstrija) in silomera (Imada Z series, HTG2, DTX2). S pomočjo silomera je bila ugotovljena velikost izometrične sile v skakalnem počepu. S pomočjo tenziometrične plošče je bila izmerjena vertikalna moč odriva pri imitaciji odskoka smučarja skakalca. Prva naloga je zajemala izvedbo vertikalnega odskoka. Druga naloga je zajemala imitacijo odskoka z lovljenjem. Tretja vaja je zajemala imitacijo odskoka na posebni napravi Planica 2. To nalogo so merjenci prvič izvajali v športnih copatih, drugič pa v skakalnih čevljih. Ugotovljeno je bilo, da se na napravi Planica 1 z večanjem ročice zmanjšuje izmerjena sila na silomeru. Višina odskoka pri vertikalnem skoku je bila v povprečju višja (M = 45 cm) kot pri odskoku z lovljenjem (M = 42,9 cm). Pri izvajanju odskoka na napravi Planica 2 je pri nekaterih merjencih prišlo do težav pri pravilnosti tehnike odskoka. Število merjencev, ki je pravilno izvedlo odskok, je bilo v športnih copatah 9 in v skakalnih čevljih zgolj 7. Povprečna višina odskoka v športnih copatah (M = 46,4 cm) je bila znatno višja kot v skakalnih čevljih (M = 27,5 cm). Pri odskoku s skakalnimi čevlji se je višina znatno znižala in prav gotovo je bila to predvsem posledica prenizke količine vadbe odskoka v skakalnih čevljih pri izbranih merjencih. Nizka dosežena vrednost je tudi rezultat omejitve iztegovanja skočnega sklepa pri odskoku v skakalnih čevljih. V športnih copatah je iztegovanje večje in zato je večji tudi impulz vertikalne sile odriva.

• Jezik: Slovenski jezik
• Ključne besede: smučarski skoki, biomehanika, odskok, imitacija
• Vrsta gradiva: Diplomsko delo/naloga
• Tipologija: 2.11 - Diplomsko delo
• Organizacija: FŠ - Fakulteta za šport
• Leto izida: 2017
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-98180
• COBISS.SI-ID: 5297329
• Datum objave v RUL: 22.11.2017

Sekundarni jezik

• Jezik: Angleški jezik
• Naslov: STRUCTURE OF THE TAKE-OFF POWER OF A SKI JUMPER DURING A STATIC TAKE-OFF

Izvleček

The subject of the thesis was to find a link between the following variables: take-off of a ski jumper on a ski jumping hill and during an imitation of a take-off. We also studied the structure of take-off power of a ski jumper in a squat. The research was carried out in May 2017 on a sample of 18 Slovenian ski jumping competitors who had different success rates in the previous season. The research sample included 4 female ski jumpers. The measurements were made using a tensiometer (SP sport MP4-1, Austria) and a force gauge (Imada Z series, HTG2, DTX2). Force gauge helped us measure the isometric force in a ski jumping squat. With the help of tensiometer we measured the vertical power of the take-off in an imitation of a ski jumper’s take-off. First task consisted of the execution of vertical take-off, second task was imitating the take-off with catching and third was to imitate the take-off on a special machine called Planica 2. Firstly, the task was measured with ski jumpers wearing sports shoes and secondly with them wearing ski jumping shoes. The research showed that using the Planica 2 device the power measured with force gauge decreases with the increase of the lever. Average height of the take-off was higher with vertical take-off (M = 45 cm) than with take-off with catching (M = 42,9 cm). When performing a take-off on the Planica 2 device some ski jumpers experienced trouble with the take-off technique. The number of ski jumpers who performed the take-off correctly was 9 when wearing sports shoes and only 7 when wearing ski jumping shoes. The average height of the take-off wearing sports shoes was significantly higher (M = 46,4 cm) than the average height of the take-off when wearing ski jumping shoes. (M = 27,5 cm). The height of the take-off in ski jumping shoes significantly decreased mostly due to the fact that the chosen ski jumpers lacked sufficient practice of the take-off in ski jumping shoes. Another factor that caused the low result is the limitation of the ankle extension during a take-off when wearing ski jumping shoes. Extension of the joint is much bigger when wearing sports shoes, therefore the impulse of the vertical force of the take-off is higher as well.

• Ključne besede: Ski jumping, Biomechanics, Take-off, Imitation