Ustvarjanje in konstruiranje z večfunkcijsko didaktično igračo

Doutlik, Nataša (avtor), Avsec, Stanislav (mentor)

Igra je najpogostejša in hkrati najpomembnejša dejavnost otrok. Otrokovo igro obogatijo igrače, ki pa morajo biti kvalitetne, varne, ter zasnovane in izdelane tako, da nudijo otroku čim več izzivov. Igrača mora otroku omogočati različne možnosti uporabe, ter zagotavljati motivacijsko bogato igro, saj se bo le tako otrok z njo rad igral daljše časovno obdobje ter se igrače ne bo naveličal. S takšno igračo bo otrok razvijal različne sposobnosti, hkrati pa bo igrača pomenila manjši strošek za vrtec. V teoretičnem delu je opisana igra ter igrače in ustvarjanje ter konstruiranje. V empiričnem delu so predstavljeni rezultati anketnega vprašalnika za strokovne delavce Vrtca Kočevje in Vrtca Ribnica. Glede na raziskavo lahko povzamemo, da strokovni delavci pri svojem delu uporabljajo večfunkcijske igrače v kolikor imajo te na razpolago, bi pa si jih želeli občutno več. Menijo, da so za otroke primernejše, saj otrok z njihovo pomočjo uri več spretnosti hkrati, otroka zaposlijo za dalj časa, z njimi si bogati domišljijo ter je bolj ustvarjalen. Strokovni delavci jih uporabljajo predvsem za razvijanje motorike in učenje, manj pa za igro in druženje. Kot najprimernejši material je večina vzgojiteljev izbrala les, kot najprimernejše spoje pa so navedli ježke, čepe in gumbe. Ugotovitve smo uporabili pri zasnovi in izdelavi lesene večfunkcijske didaktične igrače, ki je opisana v nadaljevanju diplomskega dela. Sledijo prikazi različnih možnosti uporabe nove igrače, ter izsledki opazovanja 1 do 6 letnih otrok pri igri z njo. Opazovanje je bilo izvedeno v Enoti Čebelica Vrteca Kočevje. Nove igrače so se otroci zelo razveselili. Najmlajši so kocke prenašali, jih nosili v usta, tipali, ipd., niso pa jih še spajali. S starostjo otrok je naraščalo število uporabljenih funkcij, ki jih nudi igrača. Starejši otroci so bili bolj ustvarjalni in so pri igri vztrajali dalj časa. Odkrili so tudi nove možnosti uporabe ter igračo vključevali v simbolno igro. V igro so se torej vključevali otroci vseh starosti in obeh spolov, najraje pa so se igrali v skupinah. Z diplomskim delom smo ugotovili potrebo po kvalitetnih večfunkcijskih igračah, ter izdelali novo večfunkcijsko igračo, ki jo uporabljajo otroci vrtca v katerem sem zaposlena. Razmišljam tudi o izdelavi igrač za ostale enote vrtca Kočevje, saj so bile nad njo navdušene tudi sodelavke. V prihodnje bi bilo mogoče igrači dodajati nova geometrijska telesa, ter raziskati, kateri spojni elementi bi še prišli v poštev za predšolske otroke.

• Jezik: Slovenski jezik
• Ključne besede: predšolski otrok
• Vrsta gradiva: Diplomsko delo/naloga
• Tipologija: 2.11 - Diplomsko delo
• Organizacija: PEF - Pedagoška fakulteta
• Leto izida: 2017
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-96266
• COBISS.SI-ID: 11716937
• Datum objave v RUL: 28.09.2017

Sekundarni jezik

• Jezik: Angleški jezik
• Naslov: Creating and constructing with the multifunctional didactic toy

Izvleček

The most common and at the same time most important activity for the children is the game. Children's play is enriched by toys that have to be quality, safe and designed to provide them as many challenges as possible. A toy must allow children various possibilities of use and provide motivationally rich game. Only this way the child will play with them for a longer period and he or she will not get bored. With such a toy the child will develop different abilities and the toy would cover minor expenses for the kindergarten. The theoretical part describes a game, toys, the creation and construction. The empirical part presents questionnaire’s results for the professional workers from the Kindergarten Kočevje and the Kindergarten Ribnica. According to survey we can summarize that professional workers use multifunctional toys at their work if those are available and they would like to see and use them more. They think that multifunctional toys are more suitable for children, since with their help children learn more skills at the same time and they distract child for a longer period, enrich the child’s imagination and make child more creative. Professional workers mostly use them to develop motor skills and to learn but less for play and socialize. As the most suitable material educators frequently chose wood and as the most suitable joints they chose velcros, plugs and buttons. Those findings were used in the design and production of a wooden multifunctional didactic toy described later in my diploma. Next there are displays of different possibilities of use for the new toy and the observing results from 1 to 6 years old children while playing with the toy. Observations were made in Kindergarden Kočevje Unit Čebelica. Children were very pleased with the new toy. The youngest were carrying cubes, they put them in their mouth, touching them, etc. but they did not merge them. With increasing children’s age the number of toy functions also increase. Older children were more creative and they were playing longer. Children discovered new ways of use and included toy in a symbolic game. Children of all ages and both sexes were included in the game. They mostly played in groups. During the diploma we discovered the need for quality multifunctional toys and created a new multifunctional toy which is now used by children in the kindergarten where I work. The toy impressed my colleagues from other units so I plan to make these toys also for them. In future we could add the toy new geometric bodies. It could also be explored what kind of joining elements are appropriate for preschool children.

• Ključne besede: preschool child