Pravno-ekonomska analiza osebnega stečaja

Lukšič, Alja (author), Zajc, Katarina (mentor)

Zakon o finančnem poslovanju, postopkih zaradi insolventnosti in prisilnem prenehanju je 1. oktobra 2008 v slovensko pravo uvedel nov stečajni postopek – postopek osebnega stečaja. Ta je namenjen fizičnim osebam, ki so morale pred njegovo uveljavitvijo tudi v primeru trajnejše nelikvidnosti in dolgoročne plačilne nesposobnosti poplačati vse svoje obveznosti in niso imele možnosti novega finančnega začetka. Postopek osebnega stečaja je poseben insolvenčni postopek, ki se izvede z namenom sorazmernega in istočasnega poplačila navadnih terjatev upnikov. Terjatve, ki med postopkom osebnega stečaja niso poplačane, po koncu postopka še vedno bremenijo dolžnika kot fizično osebo, ki za razliko od pravne osebe, zaradi stečaja ne preneha obstajati. Fakultativno, na predlog stečajnega dolžnika, se znotraj postopka osebnega stečaja izvede tudi postopek odpusta obveznosti, ki vestnemu in poštenemu dolžniku omogoči, da po poteku preizkusnega obdobja prenehajo njegove obveznosti, ki so nastale do začetka postopka osebnega stečaja. Vse od uveljavitve postopka osebnega stečaja v slovenski pravni red se v javnosti pojavljajo vprašanja o njegovi smiselnosti, saj postopek predstavlja veliko finančno breme za proračune sodišč, ki dopuščajo izvedbo osebnega stečaja, kljub temu, da v večini primerov ni izpolnjen niti primarni namen postopka osebnega stečaja, hkrati pa so še vedno možne zlorabe. Predvsem z namenom preprečitve zlorab je bil postopek osebnega stečaja do danes s številnimi zakonskimi novelami večkrat spremenjen, na temo sprememb so bila napisana mnoga strokovna dela, javnosti pa so postali dostopni tudi statistični podatki o dejanskih učinkih postopka osebnega stečaja. Na podlagi vseh teh podatkov je avtorica s poglobljeno pravno in ekonomsko analizo postopka osebnega stečaja predstavila učinkovitost ureditve tega insolvenčnega instituta pri nas. Avtorica meni, da je tudi pri insolventnih fizičnih osebah potrebno gledati na stečaj kot na zadnje sredstvo ter tako pri zakonskem urejanju postopka osebnega stečaja kot tudi pri njegovem izvrševanju v praksi vselej iskati ravnovesje med nasprotujočimi si interesi dolžnikov in pravicami upnikov.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: insolvenčno pravo, stečajni postopek, osebni stečaj, stečaj potrošnika, postopek osebnega stečaja, odpust obveznosti, stečajna masa.
• Work type: Master's thesis/paper
• Organization: PF - Faculty of Law
• Year: 2017
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-95424
• COBISS.SI-ID: 15789137
• Publication date in RUL: 20.09.2017

Secondary language

• Language: Unknown
• Title: A legal and economic analysis of personal bankruptcy

Abstract

On the 1st of October 2008, Act of Financial Operations, Insolvency Proceedings and Compulsory Dissolution introduced a new bankruptcy process into Slovenian legal system – a personal bankruptcy. Before this Act entered into force, natural persons always had to pay off all their debts. Even in the event of their insolvency, they did not have the possibility of a fresh financial start. Personal bankruptcy is a special insolvency proceeding, carried out with the purpose of proportional and simultaneous payment of ordinary claims of all creditors. Unlike legal person, natural person does not cease to exist at the end of the process, so debts that are not paid during the personal bankruptcy, still have to be payed to the creditors after the end of the process. Only optionally, these debts can be discharged during personal bankruptcy. The purpose of the process of discharge of debts is to enable conscientious and honest debtor to terminate his obligations after the expiry of the probationary period and ensure him right to a fresh start. Since the personal bankruptcy has become an important institute in the Slovenian legal system, questions of its necessity constantly arise in public. This process presents a great financial burden for courts’ budgets and can be abused by resourceful debtors. In order to prevent such abuses, personal bankruptcy has been amended several times with numerous legislative innovations. A number of professional articles have been drafted on the subject of these changes and statistical data on the actual effects of personal bankruptcy has become publicly available. On the basis of all these data, the author of this thesis has presented a detailed legal and economic analysis of Slovenian personal bankruptcy process and its effectiveness. According to the author, the insolvent natural persons should look at bankruptcy as a last resort. The personal bankruptcy process should always strive to find a balance between the conflicting interests of the debtor to obtain relief from debts on one side and the rights of the creditors to be repaid on the other.

• Keywords: insolvency law, bankruptcy process, personal bankruptcy, consumer bankruptcy, personal bankruptcy process, discharge of debt, bankruptcy estate.