Introduction: Cytostatics are most often used for treating malignant diseases. Oral mucositis is one of the most common and worst side effects of cytostatic treatment. It has the most profound effect on children as it is harder for them to deal with severe symptoms and they suffer most because of pain, difficult feeding and changes in tasting and smelling. The role of the nurse in the process of treating is important since their expert knowledge and medical care activities have an influence on the course and result of treatment. Purpose: The purpose of the diploma dissertation is to describe oral cavity care in children treated with cytostatics. The aim of the dissertation is to detail the influence of cytostatics on the development of oral mucositis and to describe the role of the nurse in the process of preventing and treating oral mucositis. Methods of work: The descriptive method of work was used, including a critical overview and analysis of literature in the Slovene and English languages. Foreign databases CINAHL, Medline, Cochrane Collaboration and PubMed were used. Discussion and conclusion: With appropriately planned and good medical care, a severe form of oral mucositis can be prevented or at least alleviated. Besides medical care, the use of a low-level laser proves to be the most efficient method of treatment.
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