Neonatalna patološka zlatenica in vloga medicinske sestre pri fototerapiji

Starc, Katja (author), Bizjak, Martina (mentor)

Uvod: Zlatenica je zelo pogost pojav v neonatalnem obdobju. Pri večini zdravih in donošenih novorojenčkov je zlatenica komaj zaznavna in izgine v prvem tednu življenja. Neravnovesje med nastajanjem bilirubina in njegovo konjugacijo ter izločanjem lahko v serumu novorojenčka privede do zelo zvišanih vrednosti bilirubina. Čeprav je fiziološka zlatenica prisotna pri večini zdravih donošenih novorojenčkov, obstajajo številni dejavniki, ki lahko povzročijo razvoj patološke zlatenice in vplivajo na njeno trajanje. Zgodnje odkrivanje zlatenice je pomembno, da lahko novorojenčka čim prej zdravimo, če je to potrebno. Najbolj pogosta oblika zdravljenja je zdravljenje s fototerapijo, pri zelo mejnem nivoju bilirubina pa se odločijo za zdravljenje s fiberoptično blazinico. Danes novorojenčki odhajajo iz porodnišnice zelo hitro, zato se zlatenica lahko pokaže tudi doma. Tu je pomembno izobraževanje zdravstvenega osebja na primarnem nivoju zdravstvenega varstva in staršev, da čim prej prepoznajo znake zlatenice in pri tem pravilno odreagirajo. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je predstaviti vlogo medicinske sestre pri patološki neonatalni zlatenici. Predstavljena je pomembnost prepoznavanja zlatenice, pravilna zaščita novorojenčka, vzdrževanje telesne temperature, pomen hidracije in vzdrževanja stika novorojenčka in matere med samo fototerapijo. Metode dela: Uporabljena je bila deskriptivna metoda s pregledom domače in tuje literature ter z vsebinsko analizo podatkov. Literatura je bila iskana od maja do junija 2016 s pomočjo iskalnih baz Medline in CINAHL ter s pomočjo brskalnika COBISS.SI. Članki so bili omejeni na slovenski, angleški in hrvaški jezik, omejeni so bili tudi na strokovnost in dostopnost v knjižnici in preko oddaljenega dostopa. Vsi uporabljeni članki so bili dostopni v celoti. Razprava in sklep: Pri zdravljenju zlatenice s fototerapijo ima ključno vlogo medicinska sestra. Njena naloga je, da starše aktivno vključi v zdravstveno nego. Mati novorojenčka, ki je na fototerapiji, potrebuje strokovno pomoč pri negi; prav tako je treba novorojenčku in materi omogočiti čim bolj udobno sobivanje med zdravljenjem zlatenice. Prav tako je pomembno, da ima zdravstveno osebje na primarnem nivoju dovolj znanja o patološki zlatenici pri novorojenčku, saj le tako lahko hitro prepozna znake zlatenice in pravilno in pravočasno ukrepa.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: novorojenček, zlatenica, zdravljenje, priprava, fototerapija
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Organization: ZF - Faculty of Health Sciences
• Year: 2017
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-89077
• COBISS.SI-ID: 5218923
• Publication date in RUL: 12.02.2017

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Neonatal pathological jaundice and the role of the nurse at phototherapy

Abstract

Introduction: Jaundice is very common in the neonatal period. For most healthy and full-term newborn jaundice it is hardly noticeable and disappear in the first week of life. The imbalance between the formation of bilirubin and its conjugation and excretion of serum newborn can lead to very elevated bilirubin. Although the physiological jaundice is present in most healthy full-term newborns, there are many factors that can cause the development of pathologic jaundice and influence its duration. Early detection of jaundice is important that the newborn treated as soon as possible, if necessary. The most common form of treatment is treatment with phototherapy, with a border of bilirubin level opt for treatment with the fiberoptic pad. Today newborns leave the hospital very quickly, so jaundice may be seen as well at home. Here it is important to the education of health personnel at the primary level of health care and the parents as soon as possible to identify the signs of jaundice and correctly react. Purpose: The purpose of the study is to present the role of nurses in pathological neonatal jaundice. The importance of identification of jaundice, the proper protection of the newborn maintain body temperature, hydration and the importance of maintaining contact between newborn and mother only phototherapy. Methods: Descriptive method with scrutiny domestic and foreign literature and the substantive analysis of the data. The literature was searched from May to June 2016 using search MEDLINE and CINAHL, and using the browser COBISS.SI. Articles were limited to the Slovenian, English and Croatian, Limited were also on the professionalism and availability in the library and via remote access. All the items were available in full. Discussion and conclusion: In the treatment of jaundice with phototherapy it has a key role to play nurse. Its mission is to actively involve parents in health care. The mother of the newborn, which is phototherapy, needs professional help care; It is also necessary to allow the newborn and the mother as a more comfortable coexistence between the treatment of jaundice. It is also important that the medical personnel at the primary level sufficient knowledge of pathological jaundice in the newborn, so that we can quickly identify the signs of jaundice and proper and timely action

• Keywords: newborn, jaundice, treatment, preparation, phototherapy