A part of co-natural approach is based on tending the stands, which is done repeatedly with the thinnings. The effect of tending is highest in young development phases but in these phases this principle is faced with strongest economical limitations. The consequences of the cuttings in younger phases are also damages of the standing trees which remain in the stands for a long time - until the end of the rotation period. Accumulated damages of the standing trees seriously endanger the positive effects of the tending. Evaluating the above statements, we used a mathematical model and simulations. With later and less frequent thinnings we could probably get higher value of wood with less energy consumption and with better economical result. Present technologies of felling
trees and long wood extraction are not adapted to intensive forest management on the principle of co-natural, sustainable and multifunctional forest management. One of the reasons is a very large share of damaged remaining trees during every forest operation (around 20%). Where possible, the technologies should be changed to shortwood systems. Forest operations should be planned and done much more carefully.
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