Gibalna dejavnost in izbrani dejavniki zdravega načina življenja predšolskih otrok v Beli krajini : diplomska naloga

Hudelja, Anica (avtor), Gregorc, Jera (mentor)

Gibalno dejavnost in ustrezno prehrano najpogosteje povezujemo z zdravim načinom življenja. Razsežnosti zdravega načina življenja nekateri avtorji bistveno natančneje razčlenjujejo, vendar pri tem pogosto naletijo na izredno razpršenost podatkov, ki jih nato združujejo. Zato smo v tej diplomski nalogi skušali skonstruirati tak vprašalnik, ki bo zdrav način življenja preučeval preko njegovih najizrazitejših kazalnikov. Te kazalnike smo poimenovali »dejavniki zdravega načina življenja«. Namen diplomske naloge je bil skonstruirati ustrezen vprašalnik in preko njega analizirati gibalno dejavnost družin v Beli krajini ter preučiti povezave med izbranimi dejavniki zdravega načina življenja med starši in otroki. V vzorec raziskave smo zajeli 110 staršev in njihovih otrok, ki obiskujejo enega izmed belokranjskih vrtcev (Vinica, Dragatuš, Črnomelj, Metlika), in sicer tako da smo vanj zajeli enako število tistih staršev in njihovih otrok, ki živijo na vasi, kot tistih, ki živijo v mestu. Podatke smo obdelali s statističnim paketom SPSS (Statistical Package for The Social Sciences). Uporabili smo podprogram FREQUENCIES za izračun frekvenc posameznih odgovorov, za izračun opisne statistike pa podprogram DESCRIPTIVES. Na številčnih spremenljivkah in tudi na ostalih ustrezno transformiranih spremenljivkah smo uporabili Pearson's Correlation (analiza povezave med spremenljivkami) in t-test. Statistično značilnost smo preverjali na ravni 5-odstotnega tveganja (p < 0,05). Ugotovili smo, da večina staršev (73,6 %) pomen gibanja za otrokov zdrav razvoj ocenjuje visoko oz. najvišje (z oceno deset na deset stopenjski lestvici). Približno polovica staršev (51,8 %) je gibalno aktivna skupaj s svojim otrokom večkrat na teden, medtem ko je 35,4 % staršev z otrokom gibalno aktivna vsak dan. Analiza podatkov nam je pokazala, da je gibalna dejavnost otrok zunaj (ob različnih vremenskih pogojih) v veliki meri odvisna od njihovih staršev, saj je količina gibanja otrok in njihovih staršev glede na odstotek približno enaka. Starši so v večini (88,2 %) odgovorili, da so gibalno/športno aktivni predvsem zaradi boljšega počutja. Izmed vseh staršev jih 4,5 % ni gibalno/športno dejavnih. 20 % vseh otrok anketiranih staršev je vključenih v eno izmed organiziranih gibalnih dejavnosti. Iz analize je razvidno, da so to predvsem otroci mestnih vrtcev (18 otrok mestnega vrtca in 4 otroci vaškega vrtca), zato smo tudi hipotezo, ki pravi, da so otroci mestnih vrtcev pogosteje deležni organiziranih gibalnih dejavnosti, potrdili. Podatki o izbranih dejavnikih zdravega načina življenja kažejo, da imajo otroci zadostno dnevno količino obrokov. 71,8 % otrok poje šest ali več obrokov dnevno, 23,6 % pa pet obrokov. 39,1 % staršev zaužije tri obroke dnevno, 36,4 % pa štiri. 24,5 % staršev kadi. Polovica anketiranih staršev (50 %) občasno jemlje protibolečinske tablete, 45,5 % pa nikoli. V približno enakem razmerju je pitje alkoholnih pijač, in sicer 40,9 % staršev nikoli ne pije alkohola, 52,7 % občasno. Analiza raziskave kaže, da bolj izobraženi starši manj kadijo, a se tudi manj gibajo, pri analizi jemanja protibolečinskih tablet ni razlik glede na izobrazbo. Zato ne moremo trditi, da izobrazba bistveno vpliva na način življenja. Lahko pa trdimo, da način življenja odraslih vpliva na način življenja otrok. Ugotavljamo tudi, da je v mestih več ponudbe za organizirane dejavnosti in da so pogosteje vanje vključeni otroci. Ne moremo torej trditi, da je potreba po dvigu splošne stopnje izobrazbe, ampak po tem, da se razširi ponudbo, poveča pestrost gibalnih dejavnosti za odrasle, da bodo zgled svojim otrokom.

• Jezik: Slovenski jezik
• Ključne besede: starši
• Vrsta gradiva: Diplomsko delo
• Tipologija: 2.11 - Diplomsko delo
• Organizacija: PEF - Pedagoška fakulteta
• Založnik: [A. Hudelja]
• Leto izida: 2014
• Št. strani: 59 f.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-69196
• UDK: 373.2:796.012.5(043.2)
• COBISS.SI-ID: 10256713
• Datum objave v RUL: 10.07.2015

Sekundarni jezik

• Jezik: Angleški jezik
• Naslov: Physical activity and chosen healthy lifestyle factors of preschool children in Bela krajina

Izvleček

Physical activity and appropriate nutrition are most often associated with a healthy lifestyle dimensions of which some authors analyze more thoroughly but they often come across extreme dispersion of data and then they combine them. That is why we wanted to make a questionnaire studying healthy lifestyle through its most significant indicators. We named these indicators »indicators of healthy lifestyle«. The purpose of the thesis was to make a suitable qustionnaire, then analyze physical activity of families in the Bela krajina region in the SE of Slovenia and also, to study correlations between chosen factors of healthy lifestyle among parents and children. There reaserch sample included 110 parents and their children who are enrolled in one of the kidergartens in Bela krajina (Vinica, Dragatuš, Črnomelj, Metlika). The percentage of parents and their children living in a rural environment was the same as the percentage of those living in a town. We processed the data with the SPSS (Statistical Package for The Social Sciences). We used the subroutine FREQUENCIES for calculation of answers frequency and subroutine DESCRIPTIVES for calculation of descriptive statistics. On numeral variables and also on the rest of the corresponding transformed variables we used the Pearson's Correlation (analysis of correlations among the variables) and t-test. We tested the statistic features on a 5 percent risk level (p<0,05). We established that most parents (73,6%) rate the meaning of physical activity for a child's healthy growth as high or very high (rate ten on a ten-level rating scale). Approximately half of the parents (51,8%) are physically active together with their child more than once a week. 35,4% of parents are physically active with their child every day. An analysis of the data showed that childrens' physical activity outside (in different weather conditions) depends on the activity of their parents – the percentage is almost the same. The majority of the parents (88,2%) answered they were physically active mostly because of better physical and psychological well-being after exercise. Among all the parents 4,5% are not physically active. 20% of all children are included in one of the organized ways of physical activity. According to the analysis, those are mostly children from kindergartens in a town (18 children from a kindergarten in a town and 4 from a kindergarten in a village). Therefore we can confirm the hypothesis that children from a town kindergarten are participating in an organized physical activities more often than children from a village kindergarten. The chosen healthy lifestyle factors data show us children have a sufficient amount of meals on a daily basis. 71,8 % of children have six or more meals per day, 23,6 % have five meals per day. 39,1 % of parents have three meals per day, 36,4 % have four meals. 24,5 % of parents are smokers. Half of the parents (50 %) are occasionally using the analgetics, 45,5 % never use them. It is almost the same with drinking alcohol - 40,9 % of parents never drink alcohol and 52,7 % drink it occasionally. An analysis of the research shows that better educated parents smoke less but are also less physically active. Education is not a significant factor in using analgetics. Therefore we cannot claim that the level of education affects people's lifestyle. We can say though that lifestyle of adults has a big influence on children's lifestyle. We can also determine there is a bigger choice of different physical activities in towns and that children are participating in them more often. We cannot claim though that there is a need for raising of the general education level but there is a need to expand the selection and increase the diversity of activities for adults so they can set a good example for their chidren.