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On the concept of jiyū : freedom in the Japanese language
ID Tričković, Divna (Author)

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Abstract
The study focuses on the Japanese conception of freedom as expressed by the lexeme jiyū (‍自由‍). The English freedom and Serbian sloboda are used as comparative references. The analysis integrates dictionary definitions, corpus data from the BCCWJ, and metaphorical interpretation, drawing on three frameworks: cognitive metaphor theory, semantic primitives, and ethnolinguistic analysis. In Japanese, freedom primarily relates to internal states and impulses (思い/こころのまま omoi/kokoro no mama ‘as one wishes’). English emphasizes goal-oriented action and the absence of external constraints, while Serbian reflects both individual and collective dimensions shaped by historical context. In all three languages, social rights are secondary. Japanese jiyū conveys both potential and control, in contrast to the spatial or action-focused freedom in English and Serbian.

Language:English
Keywords:embodied experience, freedom, Japanese, meaning, metaphorical conceptualization
Work type:Article
Typology:1.01 - Original Scientific Article
Organization:FF - Faculty of Arts
Publication status:Published
Publication version:Version of Record
Year:2026
Number of pages:Str. 9-28
Numbering:Vol. 16, no. 2
PID:20.500.12556/RUL-190485 This link opens in a new window
ISSN on article:2232-3317
DOI:10.4312/ala.16.2.9-28 This link opens in a new window
Publication date in RUL:04.11.2026
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Downloads:13
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Record is a part of a journal

Title:Acta linguistica asiatica
Publisher:Založba Univerze v Ljubljani
ISSN:2232-3317
COBISS.SI-ID:255902464 This link opens in a new window

Licences

License:CC BY-SA 4.0, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International
Link:http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Description:This Creative Commons license is very similar to the regular Attribution license, but requires the release of all derivative works under this same license.

Secondary language

Language:Slovenian
Title:O pojmu jiyū : svoboda v japonščini
Abstract:
Študija se osredotoča na japonsko pojmovanje svobode, kot ga izraža leksem jiyū (自由). Kot primerjalni referenci sta uporabljena angleški izraz freedom in srbski izraz sloboda. Analiza združuje slovarske definicije, korpusne podatke iz korpusa BCCWJ ter metaforično interpretacijo in se opira na tri teoretične pristope: teorijo konceptualne metafore, teorijo semantičnih primitivov in etnolingvistično analizo. V japonščini se svoboda primarno nanaša na notranja stanja in vzgibe (思い/こころのまま omoi/kokoro no mama, ‘po lastni volji’). Angleščina poudarja delovanje, usmerjeno k cilju, ter odsotnost zunanjih omejitev, medtem ko srbščina odraža tako individualne kot kolektivne razsežnosti svobode, oblikovane v specifičnem zgodovinskem kontekstu. V vseh treh jezikih imajo družbene pravice drugotno vlogo. Japonski izraz jiyū izraža tako možnost delovanja kot tudi samonadzor, kar ga razlikuje od angleškega in srbskega pojmovanja svobode, ki sta bolj osredotočena na prostor oziroma delovanje.

Keywords:utelešena izkušnja, svoboda, japonščina, pomen, metaforično pojmovanje

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