This bachelor's thesis examines the use of probiotics for therapeutic purposes. It presents the characteristics of the most commonly used probiotic strains and their mechanisms of action. Based on a review of the scientific literature, the main areas of the therapeutic application of probiotics are discussed, including gastrointestinal diseases, metabolic disorders, and other health conditions. Attention was also given to researches which focus on efficiency of healing psychological disorders and allergies with probiotics. In addition, It is described on which health conditions and strain characteristics researchers focus mostly, when developing new probiotic strains through genetic engineering. Focus was also given to concerns associated with their use, such as variations in clinical evidence, the limited understanding of their mechanisms of action, and safety issues in certain patient populations. The literature review indicates that some probiotic strains may provide benefits in supporting the treatment of specific diseases; however, their effectiveness varies among different strains and patients. Further clinical research is needed to reliably evaluate their therapeutic use and to gain a better understanding of their mechanisms of action.
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