Due to its pronounced genetic variability, Cannabis sativa is difficult to propagate efficiently using conventional methods; therefore, micropropagation represents an important alternative for preserving elite genotypes with a precisely defined chemical profile. The thesis focuses on direct organogenesis and axillary proliferation as genetically stable regeneration pathways. The biological characteristics of cannabis as well as its industrial and medicinal applications are presented, together with the basic principles of micropropagation and its advantages. The core of the thesis comprises a review of the effects of genotype selection, explant type, sterilization procedures, culture medium composition, and the use of plant growth regulators on the success of individual micropropagation stages, while newer micropropagation technologies are also discussed. Research indicates that axillary proliferation from nodal and shoot tip explants is the most effective approach for stable and reproducible propagation of cannabis. A comparison of basal media confirms that the standard Murashige–Skoog medium supports successful shoot induction but is often associated with morphological abnormalities, whereas alternative or modified media with higher calcium content improve shoot quality and stability. Cytokinins were found to play a decisive role in shoot proliferation, with thidiazuron enabling very high regeneration rates, while meta-topolin promotes superior shoot quality. Auxins are crucial during the rooting phase, where indole-3-butyric acid proved to be the most effective. The conclusions clearly demonstrate that cannabis micropropagation requires a genotype-specific and technologically advanced approach, which forms the basis for effective application of these protocols in research and production environments.
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