Dopaminergic system has a major role in the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its associated late complications by regulating physiological processes in the pancreas, kidneys, retina, and the sympathetic nervous system. We investigated the potential influence of selected COMT, DRD1, DRD2 and DRD3 polymorphisms on the development of late complications frequently observed in patients with poorly controlled T2DM. The study included a cohort of 344 clinically well-defined patients with T2DM. After statistical analysis of the results from KASP genotyping, we found no significant associations with glycemic control or blood pressure, which is likely attributable to the size of the cohort, the effects of antihypertensive therapy, as well as the broader genetic and environmental background. The key finding of this study is a statistically significant association between DRD1 rs4532 polymorphism and diabetic retinopathy. This result supports previous findings regarding the impact of altered D1 receptor activity on pathological changes in the retina. No significant associations were found for other complications.
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