Introduction: Intellectual disabilities are defined as permanent limitations in cognitive functioning that cause individuals to experience difficulties in daily activities, such as self-care, education and social integration. Health issues often manifest as inappropriate behaviour, aggression, obesity and reduced physical activity. Therefore, the use of non-pharmacological approaches to managing challenging behaviour is even more important, as it provides support in social, physical and psychological domains. Purpose: The purpose of this literature review is to explore and present non-pharmacological approaches to managing challenging behaviours in individuals with intellectual disabilities, as this reduces the need to prescribe and administer sedatives for such behaviours. Methods: A review of literature published between 2015 and 2025 in the bibliographic databases CINAHL Ultimate, MEDLINE and ERIC was conducted. A total of 22 articles were included in the analysis. Results: Non-pharmacological approaches have positive effects on the physical, emotional and social functioning of individuals with intellectual disabilities. Sports activities improve physical performance, balance and muscle strength and reduce symptoms of anxiety, depression and behavioural problems. Music, dance movement and art therapy contribute to better emotional regulation, social inclusion, communication and self-image. Cognitive-stimulating therapy and environmental adaptations have a positive impact on mood, behaviour and quality of life. Discussion and conclusion: Non-pharmacological approaches, which are most commonly used and most effective, make a significant contribution to improving the behaviour and quality of life of people with intellectual disabilities. An individualised approach is key, as people differ in terms of the severity of their disability, their abilities and their preferences. Nurses play a significant role in reducing challenging behaviours and improving the quality of life for individuals with intellectual disabilities, as they can integrate these approaches into the nursing care process, thereby making care for these individuals more individualised and holistic. Further research is needed to explore the application of these approaches in nursing care, as well as studies examining their use in Slovenia.
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