Introduction: Sex education is a comprehensive educational system that enables young people to understand physical and emotional development. During adolescence, young people face significant physical, social and psychological changes. Sex education enables young people to develop knowledge, skills and values that later form the basis for partner relationships. Purpose: The purpose of the diploma thesis was to examine, by reviewing professional and scientific literature, which elements are necessary for the sexual education of adolescents and how these elements influence later behavioUr in sexual life. Methods: A descriptive research method was used. The process of selecting the included studies was illustrated using the PRISMA diagram. The literature search was conducted in various databases, and in the end, 8 articles were included in the thesis. We took into account the time frame of the articles published in the last 10 years. The articles were classified in the table according to the hierarchy of evidence. Results: A safe and open learning environment, clear and respectful communication, peer involvement and the connection of theoretical knowledge with practical skills are key to effective adolescent sexuality education. Studies have also highlighted the importance of peer educators and the use of interactive methods, as well as the role of culturally appropriate content and social support from family and community. Digital tools such as text messages have proven useful in reducing stigma and ensuring ongoing access to information. Sexuality education consistently increases knowledge and improves adolescents’ attitudes, but its impact on later sexual behaviour varies. In some settings, it encourages responsible sexual behavior and increased use of protection, while in others, behaviorual changes are not evident due to cultural and social barriers. Overall, well-presented elements of sexuality education contribute to increased awareness of sexuality, reduced stigma around sexual ideas, and increased seeking of health services. Discussion and conclusion: Effective sexuality education not only increases knowledge about sexuality, but also strengthens self-confidence, responsible decision-making and the quality of partner relationships in adulthood. Despite cultural differences in the concept of sexuality, comprehensive sexuality education remains a key factor in reducing risky behaviours and promoting equality and respect in relationships among adolescents.
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