Relationship between dietary pesticide intake and urinary excretion : a pilot study using duplicate portion analysis

Wieland, Nina C. (author), Martins Figueiredo, Daniel (author), Mol, Hans (author), Glavan, Matjaž (author), Blagus, Tanja (author), Dolžan, Vita (author), Scheepers, Paul T. J. (author)

Dietary uptake is estimated using residue data from food commodities and predicting the effect of food processing, such as peeling. The aim of this study was to explore the value of the analysis of duplicate portions supplemented by the analysis of urinary metabolites. Forty-three participants, consuming organic and non-organic diets collected a duplicate portion of food and beverages for 24 h. Urine was collected up to 36 h to account for metabolism and prolonged excretion of metabolites. Pesticide residues were analysed in food portions and urine samples using LC-MS/MS and GC-MS/MS. Multiple pesticide residues were detected per food portion. Out of 183 pesticides, 86 were detected in the diet. Glyphosate and AMPA were detected in 42 % and 30 % of all urine samples, respectively, while detection in the diet was low. A positive relationship between dietary intake and urinary excretion was found for 2,4-D and MCPA. No diet-urine relationship was observed for glyphosate and AMPA, indicating contribution from external routes of exposure. Hazard index (HI) indicated no exposure above the acceptable daily intake (ADI) for all participants. This study demonstrates how DPA combined with urine analysis gives insight into contribution of diet to total pesticide exposure compared to standard monitoring.

• Language: English
• Keywords: plant protection products, biocides, biological monitoring, dietary exposure
• Work type: Article
• Typology: 1.01 - Original Scientific Article
• Organization: BF - Biotechnical Faculty; MF - Faculty of Medicine
• Publication status: Published
• Publication version: Version of Record
• Year: 2026
• Number of pages: 11 str.
• Numbering: art. 105972, Vol. 164
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-175598
• UDC: 61
• ISSN on article: 0273-2300
• DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2025.105972
• COBISS.SI-ID: 255947523
• Publication date in RUL: 05.11.2025

Record is a part of a journal

• Title: Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology
• Shortened title: Regul. toxicol. pharmacol.
• Publisher: Academic Press
• ISSN: 0273-2300
• COBISS.SI-ID: 26265600

Licences

• License: CC BY 4.0, Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
• Link: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
• Description: This is the standard Creative Commons license that gives others maximum freedom to do what they want with the work as long as they credit the author.

Secondary language

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: fitofarmacevtska sredstva, biocidi, sredstva za varstvo rastlin, prehranska izpostavljenost, biološki monitoring

Projects

• Funder: EC - European Commission
• Funding programme: H2020
• Project number: 862568
• Name: Sustainable plant protection transition: a global health approach
• Acronym: SPRINT

• Funder: FCT - Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, I.P.
• Project number: UIDP/50017/2020
• Name: Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies
• Acronym: CESAM