Technological progress has significantly transformed the possibilities for mobility in recent decades and opened up new dimensions of flexibility in the work environment. With the advancement of technology, many activities have become more accessible, faster and more adaptable. Flexibility and mobility have led to a diversity of working forms that are constantly adapting to market needs, among which highly mobile workers stand out, whose work tasks are not carried out in a single workplace, but involve mobility that requires the performance of work activities in two or more Member States of the European Union. These workers are those for whom mobility is a key element of the work process, as they have to regularly cross-national borders, which can lead to legal complications and uncertainty due to the lack of harmonisation of legislation.
The increased complexity and constant change of the legal framework faced by highly mobile workers have had a significant impact on the coordination of social protection systems. The task focuses on the definition of highly mobile workers and the explanation of the fundamental principles of social security that relate to the coordination of these systems. Particular emphasis is placed on the key challenges and exceptions faced by highly mobile workers in obtaining social security rights. I will focus primarily on the lex loci laboris rule and an analysis of key articles of Regulation (EC) 883/2004 and its implementing Regulation 987/2009, highlighting the shortcomings of the current legislation.
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